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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import { MultipliVault } from "../vault/MultipliVault.sol";
import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { ReentrancyGuard } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import { console } from "forge-std/console.sol";

/**
 * @title VaultFundManager
 * @notice A helper contract for managing vault fund operations including fund transfers and redemption fulfillment
 * @dev This contract acts as an intermediary for vault operations that require careful balance management.
 *      All functions are designed to be called through the vault's `manage` function,
 *      ensuring proper authorization (except `flashRedeem()`)
 *
 *      Key responsibilities:
 *      - Remove funds from vault while maintaining total asset consistency
 *      - Update underlying balance aggregations from strategies / exchanges.
 *      - Facilitate redemption fulfillment with proper balance adjustments
 *      - Handle flash redemptions for unwinding leveraged positions
 *
 *      Security model: Access control is enforced by requiring calls to originate from the vault contract,
 *      which means they must go through the vault's `manage` function with proper authorization.
 *        Exception: `flashRedeem()`. For flashRedeem, the user and operator has to be added
 *        to the allowlist (`whitelistedUserOperator`)
 */
contract VaultFundManager is ReentrancyGuard {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using Math for uint256;

    //============================== Structs ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Structure to capture vault state for validation
     * @dev Used to ensure state consistency before and after flash redemption operations
     * @param lastPricePerShare The last recorded price per share from vault (`vault.lastPricePerShare()`)
     * @param priceOfOneShare Current price of one share calculated from convertToAssets (`vault.convertToAssets(1e6)`)
     * @param totalAssets Total assets managed by the vault
     * @param totalSupply Total supply of vault shares
     * @param tokenBalance Current token balance held by the vault
     * @param aggregatedUnderlyingBalances Aggregated balances across external strategies
     */
    struct StateCheckVars {
        uint256 lastPricePerShare;
        uint256 priceOfOneShare;
        uint256 totalAssets;
        uint256 totalSupply;
        uint256 tokenBalance;
        uint256 aggregatedUnderlyingBalances;
    }

    //============================== ERRORS ===============================

    /// @notice Thrown when an unauthorized address attempts to call a function
    error UnauthorizedCaller();

    /// @notice Thrown when the requested amount exceeds available balance
    error InsufficientBalance();

    /// @notice Thrown when the requested amount exceeds available balance
    error InsufficientAggregateUnderlyingBalance();

    /// @notice Thrown when total assets don't match before and after an operation
    error TotalAssetsMismatch();

    /// @notice Thrown when total assets don't match before and after an operation
    error TotalSupplyMismatch();

    /// @notice Thrown when a zero address is provided where it's not allowed
    error ZeroAddress();

    /// @notice Thrown when a zero amount is provided where it's not allowed
    error ZeroAmount();

    //============================== EVENTS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when funds are removed from the vault
     * @param recipient The address receiving the funds
     * @param amount The amount of assets transferred
     * @param newAggregatedBalance The updated aggregated underlying balance
     */
    event FundsRemovedFromVault(
        address indexed recipient, uint256 amount, uint256 newAggregatedBalance
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when underlying balance is updated
     * @param oldBalance The previous aggregated underlying balance
     * @param newBalance The updated aggregated underlying balance
     */
    event UnderlyingBalanceUpdated(uint256 oldBalance, uint256 newBalance);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when funds are added and redemption is fulfilled
     * @param receiver The address receiving the redeemed assets
     * @param shares The amount of shares being redeemed
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets transferred including fees
     * @param newAggregatedBalance The updated aggregated underlying balance
     */
    event FundsAddedAndRedemptionFulfilled(
        address indexed receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee,
        uint256 newAggregatedBalance
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when funds are added and redemption is fulfilled
     * @param initiator The address initiating the request
     * @param operator The address of the operator (responsible for paying back)
     * @param shares The amount of shares that were redeemed
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount that corresponds to the shares
     * @param newAggregatedBalance The updated aggregated underlying balance
     */
    event FundsAddedAndFlashRedemptionFulfilled(
        address indexed initiator,
        address indexed operator,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee,
        uint256 newAggregatedBalance
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an user operator whitelist is updated
     * @param user The address of the user
     * @param operator The address of the operator contract
     * @param enabled true/false -> specifies if the user is whitelisted or not.
     */
    event UpdateOperatorWhitelist(address user, address operator, bool enabled);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when ERC20 assets are removed from the contract
     * @param to The address that received the funds
     * @param amount The amount of assets transferred
     */
    event RemoveFunds(address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when native assets (ETH/AVAX) are removed from the contract
     * @param to The address that received the native funds
     * @param amount The amount of native assets transferred
     */
    event RemoveFundsNative(address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    //============================== STATE VARIABLES ===============================

    /// @notice The vault contract this manager is associated with
    MultipliVault public immutable vault;

    /// @notice The underlying asset managed by the vault
    address public immutable asset;

    /// @notice The mapping specifies if an address is a user is associated with an operator
    mapping(address user => mapping(address operator => bool enabled)) public
        whitelistedUserOperator;

    uint256 internal constant DENOMINATOR = 1e18;

    //============================== CONSTRUCTOR ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the VaultFundManager with the specified vault
     * @param _vaultAddr The address of the MultipliVault contract
     * @dev The vault address cannot be zero and must be a valid MultipliVault contract
     */
    constructor(address payable _vaultAddr) {
        if (_vaultAddr == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }

        vault = MultipliVault(_vaultAddr);
        asset = vault.asset();
    }

    //============================== MODIFIERS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Ensures the function is called only through the vault's manage function
     * @dev This provides access control by leveraging the vault's authorization system
     */
    modifier onlyVault() {
        if (msg.sender != address(vault)) {
            revert UnauthorizedCaller();
        }
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Ensures the user-operator combination is whitelisted
     * @param user The user address to check
     * @param operator The operator address to check
     * @dev Prevents unauthorized operators from being used by users
     */
    modifier isWhitelisted(address user, address operator) {
        if (!whitelistedUserOperator[user][operator]) {
            revert UnauthorizedCaller();
        }
        _;
    }

    //============================== EXTERNAL FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Updates the whitelist status for a user-operator combination
     * @param user The user address
     * @param operator The operator contract address
     * @param enable True to enable, false to disable the combination
     * @dev Can only be called through the vault's manage function
     * @custom:throws ZeroAddress if user or operator is address(0)
     */
    function updateUserOperatorWhitelist(
        address user,
        address operator,
        bool enable
    )
        external
        onlyVault
    {
        if (user == address(0) || operator == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }

        whitelistedUserOperator[user][operator] = enable;
        emit UpdateOperatorWhitelist(user, operator, enable);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes funds from the vault while maintaining total asset consistency
     * @dev This function transfers assets from the vault to a recipient and updates the aggregated
     *      underlying balances to maintain the same total asset value. This is typically used when
     *      moving funds to exchange wallet.
     *
     *      The operation maintains the invariant: totalAssets(before) == totalAssets(after)
     *
     * @param recipient The address to receive the funds (must be whitelisted in vault)
     * @param amount The amount of assets to transfer
     *
     * @custom:throws ZeroAddress if recipient is address(0)
     * @custom:throws ZeroAmount if amount is 0
     * @custom:throws InsufficientBalance if amount exceeds vault balance
     * @custom:throws TotalAssetsMismatch if total assets change after operation
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Can only be called through vault's manage function
     * - Amount must not exceed vault's asset balance
     * - Recipient must be whitelisted in the vault for fund transfers
     * - Total assets must remain constant after operation
     */
    function removeFundsFromVault(
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    )
        external
        nonReentrant
        onlyVault
    {
        if (recipient == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        if (amount == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }

        uint256 balance = IERC20(asset).balanceOf(address(vault));
        if (amount > balance) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }

        uint256 oldAggregatedUnderlyingBalances = vault.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances();
        uint256 oldTotalAssetsValue = vault.totalAssets();
        uint256 oldTotalSupplyValue = vault.totalSupply();

        // Remove funds from vault and update aggregated balance to maintain total assets
        vault.removeFunds(amount, recipient);
        uint256 newAggregatedBalance = oldAggregatedUnderlyingBalances + amount;
        vault.onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate(newAggregatedBalance);

        // Verify total assets remain unchanged
        if (oldTotalAssetsValue != vault.totalAssets()) {
            revert TotalAssetsMismatch();
        }

        // sanity check: total number of shares must remain unchanged
        if (oldTotalSupplyValue != vault.totalSupply()) {
            revert TotalSupplyMismatch();
        }

        emit FundsRemovedFromVault(recipient, amount, newAggregatedBalance);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the aggregated underlying balance with new values from external strategies
     * @dev This function is called periodically to update the vault's understanding of assets
     *      held in external strategies. The newAggregatedBalance should include both
     *      principal and any yield generated.
     *
     * @param newAggregatedBalance The new total balance across all external strategies (principal + yield)
     *
     * @custom:throws ZeroAmount if newAggregatedBalance is 0 and there should be underlying balances
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Can only be called through vault's manage function
     * - Should be called periodically by authorized operators to reflect current external balances
     */
    function updateUnderlyingBalance(uint256 newAggregatedBalance)
        external
        nonReentrant
        onlyVault
    {
        uint256 oldBalance = vault.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances();

        vault.onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate(newAggregatedBalance);

        emit UnderlyingBalanceUpdated(oldBalance, newAggregatedBalance);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Adds funds to the vault and fulfills a pending redemption request
     * @dev This function facilitates redemption by first transferring the required assets to the vault,
     *      updating the aggregated balance to account for the asset movement, and then fulfilling
     *      the redemption request. This three-step process ensures price stability and prevents
     *      sandwich attacks.
     *
     *      The operation flow:
     *      1. Transfer assets from this contract to the vault
     *      2. Update aggregated balance to reflect the asset movement from external strategies
     *      3. Fulfill the redemption request
     *
     *      This maintains the share price consistency throughout the operation.
     *
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the redeemed assets
     * @param shares The number of shares being redeemed
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets to transfer (including any applicable fees)
     *
     * @custom:throws ZeroAddress if receiver is address(0)
     * @custom:throws ZeroAmount if shares or assetsWithFee is 0
     * @custom:throws InsufficientBalance if this contract doesn't have enough assets
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Can only be called through vault's manage function
     * - This contract must hold sufficient assets for the transfer
     * - The receiver must have a valid pending redemption request in the vault
     * - Shares and assetsWithFee must match the pending redemption request
     */
    function addFundsAndFulfillRedeem(
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee
    )
        external
        nonReentrant
        onlyVault
    {
        if (receiver == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        if (shares == 0 || assetsWithFee == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }

        uint256 contractBalance = IERC20(asset).balanceOf(address(this));
        if (assetsWithFee > contractBalance) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }

        uint256 oldAggregatedUnderlyingBalances = vault.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances();

        if (assetsWithFee > oldAggregatedUnderlyingBalances) {
            revert InsufficientAggregateUnderlyingBalance();
        }

        // Step 1: Transfer the required assets from this contract to the vault
        IERC20(asset).safeTransfer(address(vault), assetsWithFee);

        // Step 2: Fulfill the redemption request
        vault.fulfillRedeem(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee);

        // Step 3: Update the aggregated balance to reflect assets moved from external strategies
        uint256 newAggregatedBalance = oldAggregatedUnderlyingBalances - assetsWithFee;
        vault.onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate(newAggregatedBalance);

        emit FundsAddedAndRedemptionFulfilled(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee, newAggregatedBalance);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Executes a flash redemption for unwinding leveraged positions
     * @param operator The operator contract that will handle position unwinding
     * @param shares The number of shares to redeem via flash redemption
     * @param data Additional data to pass to the operator callback
     * @dev This function enables users to unwind leveraged positions by providing temporary
     *      liquidity to close positions on external protocols (like Euler). The operator
     *      receives USDC upfront and must return the equivalent vault shares.
     *
     *      Process:
     *      1. Validate user-operator whitelist
     *      2. Transfer USDC to vault
     *      3. Update underlying balance
     *      4. Call vault's flashRedeem which callbacks to operator
     *      5. Validate state changes within acceptable slippage
     *
     * @custom:throws ZeroAddress if operator is address(0)
     * @custom:throws ZeroAmount if shares or assetsWithFee is 0
     * @custom:throws InsufficientBalance if contract doesn't have enough assets
     * @custom:throws UnauthorizedCaller if user-operator combination not whitelisted
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - User-operator combination must be whitelisted
     * - Contract must have sufficient USDC balance
     * - Aggregated underlying balance must be sufficient
     * - State changes must be within 0.5% slippage tolerance
     */
    function flashRedeem(
        address operator,
        uint256 shares,
        bytes calldata data
    )
        external
        nonReentrant
        isWhitelisted(msg.sender, operator)
    {
        StateCheckVars memory initialStateVars;
        StateCheckVars memory finalStateVars;

        address initiator = msg.sender;

        if (operator == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }

        uint256 assetsWithFee = vault.convertToAssets(shares);
        if (shares == 0 || assetsWithFee == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }

        uint256 contractBalance = IERC20(asset).balanceOf(address(this));
        if (assetsWithFee > contractBalance) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }
        // record the snapshot of the necessary state variables
        initialStateVars = _captureCurrentStateInformation();

        // When this happens, this means the vault is new (`onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate` has not been called) or
        // when the value of `onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate` was set as 0 which means the vault has lost all it's value
        // Adding it here, so we fail fast. As part of step2: we deduct the totalAssets() value by calling `onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate`
        require(
            initialStateVars.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances != 0
                && initialStateVars.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances >= assetsWithFee,
            "INVARIANT: InvalidCurrentAggregateBalance"
        );

        // Step 1: Transfer the required assets from this contract to the vault
        IERC20(asset).safeTransfer(address(vault), assetsWithFee);

        // Step 2: Update the aggregated balance to reflect assets moved from external strategies
        uint256 newAggregatedBalance = initialStateVars.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances - assetsWithFee;
        vault.onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate(newAggregatedBalance);

        // Step 3: Fulfill the redemption request
        vault.flashRedeem({
            initiator: initiator,
            operator: operator,
            receiver: operator,
            shares: shares,
            data: data
        });

        emit FundsAddedAndFlashRedemptionFulfilled(
            initiator, operator, shares, assetsWithFee, newAggregatedBalance
        );

        finalStateVars = _captureCurrentStateInformation();
        _validateStateChanges(initialStateVars, finalStateVars, assetsWithFee, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes ERC20 assets from the contract and transfers them to a specified address
     * @dev This function can only be called by the vault contract through the manage function.
     *      It's typically used to move funds to exchanges for delta neutral strategies or to
     *      whitelisted addresses for operational purposes. The initiator parameter allows
     *      tracking which authorized operator initiated the fund movement for audit purposes.
     *
     * @param to The address to receive the funds
     * @param amount The amount of assets to transfer
     *
     * @custom:throws ZeroAddress if `to` is the zero address
     * @custom:throws ZeroAmount if `amount` is zero
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Can only be called by the vault contract
     * - `to` address must not be zero
     * - `amount` must be greater than zero
     * - Contract must have sufficient balance of the asset
     * - `to` address must be whitelisted by the vault for fund transfers
     *
     * @custom:emits RemoveFunds
     */
    function removeFunds(address to, uint256 amount) external onlyVault {
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }

        if (amount == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }

        uint256 balance = IERC20(asset).balanceOf(address(this));
        if (balance < amount) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }

        IERC20(asset).safeTransfer(to, amount);
        emit RemoveFunds(to, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes native assets (ETH/AVAX) from the contract and transfers them to a specified address
     * @dev This function can only be called by the vault contract through the manage function.
     *      It's used to transfer native blockchain assets
     *      for operational purposes such as paying gas fees or moving native assets to exchanges.
     *
     *      Note: This function uses a low-level call which does not revert on failure.
     *      Consider adding return value checking if needed for your use case.
     *
     * @param to The address to receive the native funds (must be whitelisted by the vault)
     * @param amount The amount of native assets to transfer (in wei)
     *
     * @custom:throws ZeroAddress if `to` is the zero address
     * @custom:throws ZeroAmount if `amount` is zero
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Can only be called by the vault contract
     * - `to` address must not be zero
     * - `amount` must be greater than zero
     * - Contract must have sufficient native asset balance
     * - `to` address must be whitelisted by the vault for fund transfers
     *
     * @custom:security Consider adding return value checking for the low-level call
     * @custom:emits RemoveFundsNative
     */
    function removeFundsNative(address to, uint256 amount) external onlyVault {
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }

        if (amount == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }
        uint256 balance = address(this).balance;
        if (balance < amount) {
            revert InsufficientBalance();
        }
        (bool success,) = to.call{ value: amount }("");
        require(success, "Transfer failed");

        emit RemoveFundsNative(to, amount);
    }
    //============================== VIEW FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current asset balance held by this contract
     * @return balance The amount of assets currently held by this contract
     */
    function getContractAssetBalance() external view returns (uint256 balance) {
        return IERC20(asset).balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current aggregated underlying balances from the vault
     * @return aggregatedBalance The current aggregated underlying balances
     */
    function getAggregatedUnderlyingBalances() external view returns (uint256 aggregatedBalance) {
        return vault.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the total assets managed by the vault
     * @return totalAssets The total assets (vault balance + aggregated underlying balances)
     */
    function getTotalAssets() external view returns (uint256 totalAssets) {
        return vault.totalAssets();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate the percentage change between two prices
     * @param oldPrice The previous price
     * @param newPrice The new price
     * @return The percentage change (1e18 = 100%)
     * @dev Used to detect excessive price volatility and trigger emergency pause
     */
    function _calculatePercentageChange(
        uint256 oldPrice,
        uint256 newPrice
    )
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        if (oldPrice == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        uint256 diff = newPrice > oldPrice ? newPrice - oldPrice : oldPrice - newPrice;
        return diff.mulDiv(DENOMINATOR, oldPrice, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Captures current vault state information for validation
     * @return stateVars Struct containing current state variables
     * @dev Used to ensure state consistency before and after flash redemption operations
     */
    function _captureCurrentStateInformation()
        private
        view
        returns (StateCheckVars memory stateVars)
    {
        uint256 decimals = vault.decimals();

        // store the values before initiating the operation
        stateVars.lastPricePerShare = vault.lastPricePerShare();
        stateVars.priceOfOneShare = vault.convertToAssets(10 ** decimals); // Ideally, lastPricePerShareBefore = priceOfOneShareBefore
        stateVars.totalAssets = vault.totalAssets();
        stateVars.totalSupply = vault.totalSupply();
        stateVars.tokenBalance = IERC20(asset).balanceOf(address(vault));
        stateVars.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances = vault.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances();
        return stateVars;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Validates state changes after flash redemption operations
     * @param initialState The state before the operation
     * @param finalState The state after the operation
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets involved in the operation
     * @param shares The amount of shares involved in the operation
     * @dev Ensures that state changes are within acceptable tolerance (0.5% slippage)
     *      and that invariants are maintained
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - Price per share slippage must be < 0.5%
     * - Total assets must not decrease unexpectedly
     * - Total supply must not decrease unexpectedly
     * - Token balance must not decrease
     * - Underlying balance changes must match expected amounts
     */
    function _validateStateChanges(
        StateCheckVars memory initialState,
        StateCheckVars memory finalState,
        uint256 assetsWithFee,
        uint256 shares
    )
        private
        pure
    {
        // 5e15 => 0.5%
        require(
            _calculatePercentageChange(initialState.lastPricePerShare, finalState.lastPricePerShare)
                < 5e15,
            "FUND_MANAGER: lastPricePerShare:SlippageGreaterThanThreshold"
        );

        require(
            _calculatePercentageChange(initialState.priceOfOneShare, finalState.priceOfOneShare)
                < 5e15,
            "FUND_MANAGER: priceOfOneShare:SlippageGreaterThanThreshold"
        );

        require(
            initialState.totalAssets - assetsWithFee <= finalState.totalAssets,
            "FUND_MANAGER: totalAssets:LessThanExpected"
        );
        require(
            initialState.totalSupply - shares <= finalState.totalSupply,
            "FUND_MANAGER: totalSupply:LessThanExpected"
        );
        // `tokenBalanceBefore` will always be equal to `tokenBalanceAfter`. But the operator can decide to send in additional `assets` to the vault
        require(
            initialState.tokenBalance <= finalState.tokenBalance,
            "FUND_MANAGER: AssetBalanceMismatch"
        );
        require(
            initialState.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances
                == finalState.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances + assetsWithFee,
            "FUND_MANAGER: UnderlyingBalanceMismatch"
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import { Errors } from "../libraries/Errors.sol";
import { IMultipliVault } from "../interfaces/IMultipliVault.sol";
import { IVariableVaultFee } from "../interfaces/IVariableVaultFee.sol";
import { IMultipliVaultCallee } from "../interfaces/IMultipliVaultCallee.sol";

import { VaultFeeUpgradeable } from "../base/VaultFeeUpgradeable.sol";
import { AuthUpgradeable, Authority } from "../base/AuthUpgradeable.sol";
import { FundMovementHelperUpgradeable } from "../base/FundMovementHelperUpgradeable.sol";

import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { ERC4626Upgradeable } from
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC4626Upgradeable.sol";
import { PausableUpgradeable } from
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import { ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable } from
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";

import { UUPSUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title MultipliVault
 * @author Multipli Team
 * @notice A vault contract that enables an operator to manage vault assets asynchronously
 * @dev Implements the ERC4626 standard with Auth contract for access control and ERC-7201 storage pattern
 *
 * The contract provides a redeem request mechanism that allows users to initiate a redeem request,
 * and the operator to fulfill it at a later time. This mechanism is particularly useful for scenarios
 * where the operator needs to move assets across chains or to different strategies before settling
 * the user's redemption request. Upon fulfillment, assets are transferred to the vault, and the request
 * is marked as complete.
 *
 * @custom:security-contact [email protected]
 */
contract MultipliVault is
    UUPSUpgradeable,
    ERC4626Upgradeable,
    IMultipliVault,
    AuthUpgradeable,
    PausableUpgradeable,
    VaultFeeUpgradeable,
    FundMovementHelperUpgradeable,
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
{
    using Math for uint256;
    using Address for address;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    //============================== TYPES ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Enum defining different types of redemption requests
     * @dev Used to handle different redemption flows with varying fee structures and processing methods
     */
    enum RedeemType {
        NORMAL, // Standard redemption with regular fees
        INSTANT // Fast-forward redemption with higher fees

    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal struct for request parameters
     * @dev Used to pass redemption request data between functions
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The address that owns the shares
     * @param redeemType The type of redemption (NORMAL or INSTANT)
     */
    struct RedeemParams {
        uint256 shares;
        address receiver;
        address owner;
        RedeemType redeemType;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal struct for fulfillment parameters
     * @dev Used to pass fulfillment data between functions
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param shares The amount of shares being fulfilled
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets including fees
     * @param redeemType The type of redemption being fulfilled
     */
    struct FulfillParams {
        address receiver;
        uint256 shares;
        uint256 assetsWithFee;
        RedeemType redeemType;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:multipli.storage.MultipliVaultStorage
     * @dev Structure to hold MultipliVault storage data following ERC-7201 standard
     */
    struct MultipliVaultStorage {
        /// @dev The aggregated underlying balances across all strategies/chains, reported by an oracle
        uint256 aggregatedUnderlyingBalances;
        /// @dev The last block number when the aggregated underlying balances were updated
        uint256 lastBlockUpdated;
        /// @dev The last price per share calculated after the aggregated underlying balances are reported
        uint256 lastPricePerShare;
        /// @dev The total amount of assets that are pending redemption
        uint256 totalPendingAssets;
        /// @dev The maximum percentage change allowed before the vault is paused
        uint256 maxPercentageChange;
        /// @dev Minimum deposit amount required for deposits and mints
        uint256 minDepositAmount;
        /// @dev Mapping to store pending redemption requests for each user
        mapping(address user => PendingRedeem redeem) pendingRedeem;
    }

    //============================== CONSTANTS ===============================

    /// @dev Assume requests are non-fungible and all have ID = 0, so we can differentiate between a request ID and the assets amount
    uint256 internal constant REQUEST_ID = 0;

    /// @dev The denominator used for precision calculations (1e18 = 100%)
    uint256 internal constant DENOMINATOR = 1e18;

    /// @dev The maximum percentage that can be set as a threshold for the percentage change (1e17 = 10%)
    uint256 internal constant MAX_PERCENTAGE_THRESHOLD = 1e17;

    //============================== STORAGE ===============================

    // Storage slot for the MultipliVaultStorage struct.
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("multipli.storage.MultipliVaultStorage")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant MULTIPLI_VAULT_STORAGE_LOCATION =
        0x5c514b81e93a4e64ed3b3d78d8355319d5f0f527b3964e825d59f3a9d74af900;

    //============================== CONSTRUCTOR ===============================

    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    //============================== INITIALIZER ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the MultipliVault contract
     * @param _asset The underlying ERC20 asset for the vault
     * @param _owner The initial owner of the vault
     * @param _name The name of the vault token
     * @param _symbol The symbol of the vault token
     */
    function initialize(
        IERC20 _asset,
        address _owner,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    )
        public
        initializer
    {
        __MultipliVault_init(_asset, _owner, _name, _symbol);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the MultipliVault contract
     * @dev This function should be called during contract initialization
     * @param _asset The underlying ERC20 asset for the vault
     * @param _owner The initial owner of the vault
     * @param _name The name of the vault token
     * @param _symbol The symbol of the vault token
     */
    function __MultipliVault_init(
        IERC20 _asset,
        address _owner,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    )
        internal
        onlyInitializing
    {
        __ERC20_init(_name, _symbol);
        __ERC4626_init(_asset);
        __Auth_init(_owner, Authority(address(0)));
        __Pausable_init();
        __VaultFeeUpgreadable_init(IVariableVaultFee(address(0)));
        __FundMovementHelper_init();
        __ReentrancyGuard_init();
        __MultipliVault_init_unchained();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unchained initializer for MultipliVault
     * @dev Contains the actual initialization logic for MultipliVault-specific storage
     */
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow missing-initializer-call
    // reference: https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/potential-false-positive-missing-initializer-calls-for-one-or-more-parent-contracts/43911/3
    function __MultipliVault_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        $.maxPercentageChange = 1e16; // 1%
        $.minDepositAmount = 0;
    }

    //============================== PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Allows the vault operator to manage the vault by calling external contracts
     * @param target The target contract to make a call to
     * @param data The data to send to the target contract
     * @param value The amount of native assets to send with the call
     * @return result The return data from the external call
     * @dev Requires authorization and target method must be authorized by the authority
     */
    function manage(
        address target,
        bytes calldata data,
        uint256 value
    )
        external
        requiresAuth
        returns (bytes memory result)
    {
        bytes4 functionSig = bytes4(data);
        require(
            authority().canCall(msg.sender, target, functionSig),
            Errors.TargetMethodNotAuthorized(target, functionSig)
        );

        result = target.functionCallWithValue(data, value);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Same as `manage` but allows for multiple calls in a single transaction
     * @param targets The target contracts to make calls to
     * @param data The data to send to the target contracts
     * @param values The amounts of native assets to send with the calls
     * @return results Array of return data from the external calls
     * @dev Requires authorization and all target methods must be authorized by the authority
     */
    function manage(
        address[] calldata targets,
        bytes[] calldata data,
        uint256[] calldata values
    )
        external
        requiresAuth
        returns (bytes[] memory results)
    {
        uint256 targetsLength = targets.length;
        require(
            targetsLength == data.length && data.length == values.length,
            "Array lengths must match"
        );
        results = new bytes[](targetsLength);
        for (uint256 i; i < targetsLength; ++i) {
            bytes4 functionSig = bytes4(data[i]);
            require(
                authority().canCall(msg.sender, targets[i], functionSig),
                Errors.TargetMethodNotAuthorized(targets[i], functionSig)
            );
            results[i] = targets[i].functionCallWithValue(data[i], values[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pause the contract to prevent any further deposits, withdrawals, or transfers
     * @dev Can only be called by authorized users
     */
    function pause() public requiresAuth {
        _pause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unpause the contract to allow deposits, withdrawals, and transfers
     * @dev Can only be called by authorized users
     */
    function unpause() public requiresAuth {
        _unpause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Whitelist or remove a user from the fund transfer recipient list
     * @param user The address to update whitelist status for
     * @param status True to whitelist, false to remove from whitelist
     * @dev Can only be called by authorized users
     */
    function whitelistFundTransferRecipient(address user, bool status) public requiresAuth {
        _whitelistFundTransferRecipient(user, status);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Remove funds from the vault to a whitelisted recipient
     * @param amount The amount of assets to transfer
     * @param to The address to receive the funds (must be whitelisted)
     * @dev Can only be called by authorized users
     */
    function removeFunds(uint256 amount, address to) public requiresAuth {
        _removeFunds(asset(), amount, to);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Request a standard redemption of shares
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The address that owns the shares
     * @return requestId The ID of the request (always 0)
     * @dev Transfers shares to the vault and stores the request for later fulfillment
     */
    function requestRedeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    )
        external
        whenNotPaused
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _processRedeemRequest(RedeemParams(shares, receiver, owner, RedeemType.NORMAL));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Request an instant redemption of shares (requires authorization)
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem instantly
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The address that owns the shares
     * @return requestId The ID of the request (always 0)
     * @dev Only authorized users (external curators) can call this function
     */
    function requestInstantRedeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    )
        external
        whenNotPaused
        requiresAuth
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _processRedeemRequest(RedeemParams(shares, receiver, owner, RedeemType.INSTANT));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Fulfill a standard redemption request
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param shares The amount of shares to fulfill
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets to transfer (including fees)
     * @dev Can only be called by authorized operators
     */
    function fulfillRedeem(
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee
    )
        external
        requiresAuth
    {
        _processFulfillment(FulfillParams(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee, RedeemType.NORMAL));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Fulfill an instant redemption request
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param shares The amount of shares to fulfill
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets to transfer (including fees)
     * @dev Can only be called by authorized operators
     */
    function fulfillInstantRedeem(
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee
    )
        external
        requiresAuth
    {
        _processFulfillment(FulfillParams(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee, RedeemType.INSTANT));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Flash redemption for unwinding leveraged positions
     * @dev Provides USDC upfront, expects equivalent xUSDC shares back after external operator call
     * @param initiator The address that originally initiated the request
     * @param operator The contract that will handle position unwinding on Euler
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the USDC (usually the user)
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem (total position size)
     * @param data Additional data for the operator callback
     */
    function flashRedeem(
        address initiator,
        address operator,
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        bytes calldata data
    )
        external
        whenNotPaused
        requiresAuth
        nonReentrant
    {
        // Input validation
        require(shares > 0, Errors.SharesAmountZero());
        require(receiver != address(0), Errors.InvalidReceiverAddress());
        require(operator != address(0), Errors.InvalidOperatorAddress());

        address token = asset();

        // Calculate assets and fees
        uint256 assetsWithFee = convertToAssets(shares);
        uint256 fee = _feeOnTotalFlashWithdrawal(token, assetsWithFee); // Use flash Redeem withdrawal fee
        uint256 assetsWithoutFee = assetsWithFee - fee;

        // Check vault has sufficient liquidity
        uint256 vaultBalance = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
        require(vaultBalance >= assetsWithFee, Errors.InvalidAssetsAmount());

        uint256 shareBalanceBefore = balanceOf(address(this));
        uint256 totalSupplyBefore = totalSupply();

        // Transfer USDC to receiver pre-emptively
        IERC20(token).safeTransfer(receiver, assetsWithoutFee);

        // Invoke the operator to transfer the shares back to the vault
        IMultipliVaultCallee(operator).onRedemptionFlashLoan(
            initiator, address(this), token, shares, assetsWithoutFee, data
        );

        {
            // Verify the operator returned the required shares
            uint256 shareBalanceAfter = balanceOf(address(this));
            require(shareBalanceAfter >= shareBalanceBefore + shares, Errors.SharesNotReturned());
        }

        // Burn the returned shares (completing the redemption)
        _burn(address(this), shares);

        {
            // note: totalSupply check was added before re-entrancy
            // guard was added to `flashRedeem` method, is this still required?

            // Verify total supply decreased correctly
            require(totalSupply() == totalSupplyBefore - shares, Errors.TotalSupplyMismatch());

            // Verify the `asset` balance after redemption
            uint256 tokenBalanceAfter = IERC20(token).balanceOf(address(this));
            require(
                vaultBalance - assetsWithFee <= tokenBalanceAfter, Errors.AssetBalanceMismatch()
            );
        }

        // Transfer fee to fee recipient
        address feeRecipient = _getFeeRecipient(token);
        if (fee > 0 && feeRecipient != address(0)) {
            IERC20(token).safeTransfer(feeRecipient, fee);
        }

        emit FlashRedeemFulfilled(initiator, operator, receiver, shares, assetsWithoutFee, fee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Cancel a redemption request in case of a black swan event.
     * @param receiver The address that had the pending request.
     * @param shares The amount of shares to cancel.
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets to cancel (including fees)
     * @dev Returns shares back to the receiver and updates pending amounts
     */
    function cancelRedeem(
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee
    )
        external
        requiresAuth
    {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        PendingRedeem storage pending = $.pendingRedeem[receiver];

        require(pending.shares != 0 && shares <= pending.shares, Errors.InvalidSharesAmount());
        require(
            pending.assets != 0 && assetsWithFee <= pending.assets, Errors.InvalidAssetsAmount()
        );

        pending.shares -= shares;
        pending.assets -= assetsWithFee;
        $.totalPendingAssets -= assetsWithFee;

        emit RequestCancelled(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee);
        // Transfer the shares back to the receiver
        IERC20(address(this)).safeTransfer(receiver, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Update the aggregated underlying balances across all strategies/chains
     * @param newAggregatedBalance The new aggregated underlying balances
     * @dev Can be called only once per block to prevent oracle abuse and flash loan attacks
     * @dev Automatically pauses the vault if price change exceeds the maximum threshold
     */
    function onUnderlyingBalanceUpdate(uint256 newAggregatedBalance) external requiresAuth {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();

        // Fail fast - ensure this is the first update in this block
        require(block.number > $.lastBlockUpdated, Errors.UpdateAlreadyCompletedInThisBlock());

        emit UnderlyingBalanceUpdated($.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances, newAggregatedBalance);
        $.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances = newAggregatedBalance;

        // Calculate new price per share and check for excessive volatility
        // todo: should this be replaced with `convertToAssets(1e6)`?
        uint256 newPricePerShare = totalAssets().mulDiv(DENOMINATOR, totalSupply());

        uint256 percentageChange = _calculatePercentageChange($.lastPricePerShare, newPricePerShare);

        // Pause the vault if the percentage change exceeds the threshold (works in both directions)
        if (percentageChange > $.maxPercentageChange) {
            _pause();
        }

        $.lastPricePerShare = newPricePerShare;
        $.lastBlockUpdated = block.number;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the fee contract for the vault
     * @param _feeContract The new fee contract address
     * @dev Overrides the base implementation to add authorization requirement
     */
    function setFeeContract(IVariableVaultFee _feeContract) public override requiresAuth {
        super.setFeeContract(_feeContract);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the fee recipient address for the vault's asset
     * @return The address that receives fees
     */
    function getFeeRecipient() public view returns (address) {
        return _getFeeRecipient(asset());
    }

    /**
     * @notice Update the maximum percentage change allowed before the vault is paused
     * @param newMaxPercentageChange The new maximum percentage change (max value is 1e17 = 10%)
     * @dev Used to protect against oracle manipulation and excessive volatility
     */
    function updateMaxPercentageChange(uint256 newMaxPercentageChange) external requiresAuth {
        require(newMaxPercentageChange < MAX_PERCENTAGE_THRESHOLD, Errors.InvalidMaxPercentage());

        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();

        emit MaxPercentageUpdated($.maxPercentageChange, newMaxPercentageChange);
        $.maxPercentageChange = newMaxPercentageChange;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Update the minimum deposit amount required for deposits and mints
     * @param newMinDepositAmount The new minimum deposit amount
     * @dev Used to prevent dust deposits and ensure economic viability
     */
    function updateMinDepositAmount(uint256 newMinDepositAmount) external requiresAuth {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        emit MinDepositAmountUpdated($.minDepositAmount, newMinDepositAmount);
        $.minDepositAmount = newMinDepositAmount;
    }

    //============================== VIEW FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Get the pending redemption request details for a user
     * @param user The address to check
     * @return assets The amount of assets pending redemption
     * @return pendingShares The amount of shares pending redemption
     */
    function pendingRedeemRequest(address user)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256 assets, uint256 pendingShares)
    {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        return ($.pendingRedeem[user].assets, $.pendingRedeem[user].shares);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the aggregated underlying balances across all strategies
     * @return The total underlying balances
     */
    function aggregatedUnderlyingBalances() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getMultipliVaultStorage().aggregatedUnderlyingBalances;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the last block number when underlying balances were updated
     * @return The last update block number
     */
    function lastBlockUpdated() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getMultipliVaultStorage().lastBlockUpdated;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the last calculated price per share
     * @return The last price per share
     */
    function lastPricePerShare() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getMultipliVaultStorage().lastPricePerShare;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the total amount of assets pending redemption
     * @return The total pending assets
     */
    function totalPendingAssets() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getMultipliVaultStorage().totalPendingAssets;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the maximum percentage change allowed before pausing
     * @return The maximum percentage change threshold
     */
    function maxPercentageChange() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getMultipliVaultStorage().maxPercentageChange;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Get the minimum deposit amount required
     * @return The minimum deposit amount
     */
    function minDepositAmount() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getMultipliVaultStorage().minDepositAmount;
    }

    //============================== OVERRIDES ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Override the default `totalAssets` function to include aggregated underlying balances
     * @return The total assets held by the vault and across all strategies
     */
    function totalAssets() public view override returns (uint256) {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        return IERC20(asset()).balanceOf(address(this)) + $.aggregatedUnderlyingBalances;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Override the default `deposit` function with additional checks
     * @param assets The amount of assets to deposit
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the shares
     * @return shares The amount of shares minted
     * @dev Adds pause protection and minimum deposit amount validation
     */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver
    )
        public
        override
        whenNotPaused
        nonReentrant
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 maxAssets = maxDeposit(receiver);
        if (assets > maxAssets) {
            revert ERC4626ExceededMaxDeposit(receiver, assets, maxAssets);
        }

        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        uint256 currentMinDepositAmount = $.minDepositAmount;

        if (assets < currentMinDepositAmount) {
            revert Errors.DepositAmountLessThanThreshold(assets, currentMinDepositAmount);
        }

        uint256 shares = previewDeposit(assets);
        _deposit(_msgSender(), receiver, assets, shares);

        return shares;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Deposit assets with slippage protection (ERC-5143 compatible)
     * @dev This function extends the standard ERC-4626 deposit function with slippage protection
     *      as specified in ERC-5143: Slippage Protection for Tokenized Vault and introduces additional checks.
     *      Reverts if the number of shares received is less than the minimum expected.
     * @param assets The amount of assets to deposit
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the vault shares
     * @param minShares The minimum number of shares the caller is willing to accept
     * @return shares The actual number of shares minted to the receiver
     * @custom:security Protects against MEV attacks and exchange rate manipulation
     */
    function deposit(
        uint256 assets,
        address receiver,
        uint256 minShares
    )
        public
        whenNotPaused
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 shares = deposit(assets, receiver);
        if (shares < minShares) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientSharesReceived(shares, minShares);
        }
        return shares;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Override the default `mint` function with additional checks
     * @param shares The amount of shares to mint
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the shares
     * @return assets The amount of assets required
     * @dev Adds pause protection and minimum deposit amount validation
     */
    function mint(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver
    )
        public
        override
        whenNotPaused
        nonReentrant
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 maxShares = maxMint(receiver);
        if (shares > maxShares) {
            revert ERC4626ExceededMaxMint(receiver, shares, maxShares);
        }
        uint256 assets = previewMint(shares);

        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();
        uint256 currentMinDepositAmount = $.minDepositAmount;

        if (assets < currentMinDepositAmount) {
            revert Errors.DepositAmountLessThanThreshold(assets, currentMinDepositAmount);
        }

        _deposit(_msgSender(), receiver, assets, shares);

        return assets;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mint shares with slippage protection (ERC-5143 compatible)
     * @dev This function extends the standard ERC-4626 mint function with slippage protection
     *      as specified in ERC-5143: Slippage Protection for Tokenized Vault.
     *      Reverts if the number of assets required exceeds the maximum the caller is willing to pay.
     * @param shares The exact number of shares to mint
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the vault shares
     * @param maxAssets The maximum number of assets the caller is willing to pay
     * @return assets The actual number of assets transferred from the caller
     * @custom:security Protects against MEV attacks and exchange rate manipulation
     */
    function mint(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        uint256 maxAssets
    )
        public
        whenNotPaused
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 assets = mint(shares, receiver);
        if (assets > maxAssets) {
            revert Errors.ExcessiveAssetsRequired(assets, maxAssets);
        }
        return assets;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Disabled - use requestRedeem instead
     * @dev This function is disabled to enforce the asynchronous redemption flow
     */
    function withdraw(uint256, address, address) public override whenNotPaused returns (uint256) {
        revert Errors.UseRequestRedeem();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Disabled - use requestRedeem instead
     * @dev This function is disabled to enforce the asynchronous redemption flow
     */
    function redeem(uint256, address, address) public override whenNotPaused returns (uint256) {
        revert Errors.UseRequestRedeem();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Override the default `_update` function to add pause protection
     * @dev The _update function is called on all transfers, mints and burns
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override whenNotPaused {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Preview the shares received for a deposit after fees
     * @param assets The amount of assets to deposit
     * @return The amount of shares that would be received
     */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 fee = _feeOnTotalDeposit(asset(), assets);
        return super.previewDeposit(assets - fee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Preview the assets required for minting shares including fees
     * @param shares The amount of shares to mint
     * @return The amount of assets required
     */
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 assets = super.previewMint(shares);
        return assets + _feeOnRawDeposit(asset(), assets);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Preview the shares required for withdrawing assets including fees
     * @param assets The amount of assets to withdraw
     * @return The amount of shares required
     */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 fee = _feeOnRawWithdrawal(asset(), assets);
        return super.previewWithdraw(assets + fee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Preview the assets received for redeeming shares after fees
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem
     * @return The amount of assets that would be received
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 assets = super.previewRedeem(shares);
        return assets - _feeOnTotalWithdrawal(asset(), assets);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Preview the assets received for instant redeeming shares after fees
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem instantly
     * @return The amount of assets that would be received
     */
    function previewInstantRedeem(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        uint256 assets = super.previewRedeem(shares);
        return assets - _feeOnTotalInstantWithdrawal(asset(), assets);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Preview the assets received for flash redeeming shares after fees
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem instantly
     * @return The amount of assets that would be received
     */
    function previewFlashRedeem(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        uint256 assets = convertToAssets(shares);
        return assets - _feeOnTotalFlashWithdrawal(asset(), assets);
    }

    //============================== INTERNAL FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Internal deposit function with fee handling
     * @param caller The address calling the deposit
     * @param receiver The address receiving the shares
     * @param assets The amount of assets being deposited
     * @param shares The amount of shares being minted
     * @dev Handles fee collection and transfer to fee recipient
     */
    function _deposit(
        address caller,
        address receiver,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    )
        internal
        override
    {
        address token = asset();
        uint256 feeAmount = _feeOnTotalDeposit(token, assets);

        address recipient = _getFeeRecipient(token);

        super._deposit(caller, receiver, assets, shares);

        if (feeAmount > 0 && recipient != address(0)) {
            IERC20(token).safeTransfer(recipient, feeAmount);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function to handle redeem request logic for all redeem types
     * @param params The redemption parameters
     * @return requestId The request ID (always 0)
     * @dev Validates ownership, transfers shares to vault, and stores pending request
     */
    function _processRedeemRequest(RedeemParams memory params) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
        require(params.shares > 0, Errors.SharesAmountZero());
        require(params.owner == msg.sender, Errors.NotSharesOwner());
        require(balanceOf(params.owner) >= params.shares, Errors.InsufficientShares());

        uint256 assetsWithFee = super.previewRedeem(params.shares);

        // Emit appropriate event based on redemption type
        _emitRedeemRequestEvent(
            params.receiver, params.owner, assetsWithFee, params.shares, params.redeemType
        );

        // Store the redemption request
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();

        _transfer(params.owner, address(this), params.shares);
        $.totalPendingAssets += assetsWithFee;
        $.pendingRedeem[params.receiver] = PendingRedeem({
            shares: $.pendingRedeem[params.receiver].shares + params.shares,
            assets: $.pendingRedeem[params.receiver].assets + assetsWithFee
        });

        return REQUEST_ID;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function to emit appropriate events based on redeem type
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The address that owns the shares
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets including fees
     * @param shares The amount of shares being redeemed
     * @param redeemType The type of redemption
     */
    function _emitRedeemRequestEvent(
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 assetsWithFee,
        uint256 shares,
        RedeemType redeemType
    )
        internal
    {
        if (redeemType == RedeemType.NORMAL) {
            emit RedeemRequest(receiver, owner, assetsWithFee, shares);
        } else if (redeemType == RedeemType.INSTANT) {
            emit InstantRedeemRequest(receiver, owner, assetsWithFee, shares);
        } else {
            revert Errors.UnsupportedRedeemType(uint8(redeemType));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function to emit fulfillment events
     * @param receiver The address receiving the assets
     * @param shares The amount of shares being fulfilled
     * @param assetsWithFee The amount of assets including fees
     * @param redeemType The type of redemption being fulfilled
     */
    function _emitFulfillmentEvent(
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithFee,
        RedeemType redeemType
    )
        internal
    {
        if (redeemType == RedeemType.NORMAL) {
            emit RequestFulfilled(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee);
        } else if (redeemType == RedeemType.INSTANT) {
            emit InstantRequestFulfilled(receiver, shares, assetsWithFee);
        } else {
            revert Errors.UnsupportedRedeemType(uint8(redeemType));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function to handle fulfillment logic for all redeem types
     * @param params The fulfillment parameters
     * @dev Validates pending request, updates state, and executes withdrawal
     */
    function _processFulfillment(FulfillParams memory params) internal {
        MultipliVaultStorage storage $ = _getMultipliVaultStorage();

        PendingRedeem storage pending = $.pendingRedeem[params.receiver];
        require(
            pending.shares != 0 && params.shares <= pending.shares, Errors.InvalidSharesAmount()
        );
        require(
            pending.assets != 0 && params.assetsWithFee <= pending.assets,
            Errors.InvalidAssetsAmount()
        );

        pending.shares -= params.shares;
        pending.assets -= params.assetsWithFee;
        $.totalPendingAssets -= params.assetsWithFee;

        // Emit appropriate event based on redemption type
        _emitFulfillmentEvent(
            params.receiver, params.shares, params.assetsWithFee, params.redeemType
        );

        // Execute the withdrawal with appropriate fee handling
        _executeWithdrawal(params.receiver, params.assetsWithFee, params.shares, params.redeemType);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function to execute withdrawal with fee handling
     * @param receiver The address receiving the assets
     * @param assetsWithFee The total amount of assets including fees
     * @param shares The amount of shares being burned
     * @param redeemType The type of redemption (affects fee calculation)
     * @dev Calculates fees based on redemption type and transfers assets to receiver
     */
    function _executeWithdrawal(
        address receiver,
        uint256 assetsWithFee,
        uint256 shares,
        RedeemType redeemType
    )
        internal
    {
        address token = asset();
        uint256 feeAmount;

        // Calculate fee based on redemption type
        if (redeemType == RedeemType.NORMAL) {
            feeAmount = _feeOnTotalWithdrawal(token, assetsWithFee);
        } else if (redeemType == RedeemType.INSTANT) {
            feeAmount = _feeOnTotalInstantWithdrawal(token, assetsWithFee);
        } else {
            revert Errors.UnsupportedRedeemType(uint8(redeemType));
        }

        uint256 assets = assetsWithFee - feeAmount;
        address recipient = _getFeeRecipient(token);

        // Execute the withdrawal
        super._withdraw(address(this), receiver, address(this), assets, shares);

        // Transfer fees to fee recipient if applicable
        if (feeAmount > 0 && recipient != address(0)) {
            IERC20(token).safeTransfer(recipient, feeAmount);
        }
    }

    //============================== PRIVATE FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Calculate the percentage change between two prices
     * @param oldPrice The previous price
     * @param newPrice The new price
     * @return The percentage change (1e18 = 100%)
     * @dev Used to detect excessive price volatility and trigger emergency pause
     */
    function _calculatePercentageChange(
        uint256 oldPrice,
        uint256 newPrice
    )
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        if (oldPrice == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        uint256 diff = newPrice > oldPrice ? newPrice - oldPrice : oldPrice - newPrice;
        return diff.mulDiv(DENOMINATOR, oldPrice, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns a reference to the MultipliVaultStorage struct
     * @return $ Reference to the MultipliVaultStorage struct
     * @dev Uses ERC-7201 storage pattern to prevent storage collisions
     */
    function _getMultipliVaultStorage() private pure returns (MultipliVaultStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := MULTIPLI_VAULT_STORAGE_LOCATION
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Authorize contract upgrades (UUPS pattern)
     * @dev Only owner or authorized roles can upgrade the implementation
     * @param newImplementation The new implementation contract address
     * @custom:security Prevents unauthorized upgrades that could compromise the protocol
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual override requiresAuth { }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Panic} from "../Panic.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "./SafeCast.sol";

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the 512-bit addition of two uint256.
     *
     * The result is stored in two 256 variables such that sum = high * 2²⁵⁶ + low.
     */
    function add512(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 high, uint256 low) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            low := add(a, b)
            high := lt(low, a)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the 512-bit multiplication of two uint256.
     *
     * The result is stored in two 256 variables such that product = high * 2²⁵⁶ + low.
     */
    function mul512(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256 high, uint256 low) {
        // 512-bit multiply [high low] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2²⁵⁶ and mod 2²⁵⁶ - 1, then use
        // the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
        // variables such that product = high * 2²⁵⁶ + low.
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let mm := mulmod(a, b, not(0))
            low := mul(a, b)
            high := sub(sub(mm, low), lt(mm, low))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            success = c >= a;
            result = c * SafeCast.toUint(success);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a - b;
            success = c <= a;
            result = c * SafeCast.toUint(success);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a * b;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // Only true when the multiplication doesn't overflow
                // (c / a == b) || (a == 0)
                success := or(eq(div(c, a), b), iszero(a))
            }
            // equivalent to: success ? c : 0
            result = c * SafeCast.toUint(success);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            success = b > 0;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // The `DIV` opcode returns zero when the denominator is 0.
                result := div(a, b)
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            success = b > 0;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // The `MOD` opcode returns zero when the denominator is 0.
                result := mod(a, b)
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsigned saturating addition, bounds to `2²⁵⁶ - 1` instead of overflowing.
     */
    function saturatingAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryAdd(a, b);
        return ternary(success, result, type(uint256).max);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsigned saturating subtraction, bounds to zero instead of overflowing.
     */
    function saturatingSub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (, uint256 result) = trySub(a, b);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsigned saturating multiplication, bounds to `2²⁵⁶ - 1` instead of overflowing.
     */
    function saturatingMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryMul(a, b);
        return ternary(success, result, type(uint256).max);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Branchless ternary evaluation for `a ? b : c`. Gas costs are constant.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: This function may reduce bytecode size and consume less gas when used standalone.
     * However, the compiler may optimize Solidity ternary operations (i.e. `a ? b : c`) to only compute
     * one branch when needed, making this function more expensive.
     */
    function ternary(bool condition, uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // branchless ternary works because:
            // b ^ (a ^ b) == a
            // b ^ 0 == b
            return b ^ ((a ^ b) * SafeCast.toUint(condition));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ternary(a > b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ternary(a < b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }

        // The following calculation ensures accurate ceiling division without overflow.
        // Since a is non-zero, (a - 1) / b will not overflow.
        // The largest possible result occurs when (a - 1) / b is type(uint256).max,
        // but the largest value we can obtain is type(uint256).max - 1, which happens
        // when a = type(uint256).max and b = 1.
        unchecked {
            return SafeCast.toUint(a > 0) * ((a - 1) / b + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     *
     * Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            (uint256 high, uint256 low) = mul512(x, y);

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (high == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return low / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2²⁵⁶. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= high) {
                Panic.panic(ternary(denominator == 0, Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO, Panic.UNDER_OVERFLOW));
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [high low].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                high := sub(high, gt(remainder, low))
                low := sub(low, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [high low] by twos.
                low := div(low, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2²⁵⁶ / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from high into low.
            low |= high * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2²⁵⁶. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2²⁵⁶ such
            // that denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2²⁵⁶. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2⁴.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁸
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹⁶
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2³²
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁶⁴
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹²⁸
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2²⁵⁶

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2²⁵⁶. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2²⁵⁶, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and high
            // is no longer required.
            result = low * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDiv(x, y, denominator) + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates floor(x * y >> n) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256.
     */
    function mulShr(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint8 n) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            (uint256 high, uint256 low) = mul512(x, y);
            if (high >= 1 << n) {
                Panic.panic(Panic.UNDER_OVERFLOW);
            }
            return (high << (256 - n)) | (low >> n);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates x * y >> n with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulShr(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint8 n, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulShr(x, y, n) + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, 1 << n) > 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculate the modular multiplicative inverse of a number in Z/nZ.
     *
     * If n is a prime, then Z/nZ is a field. In that case all elements are inversible, except 0.
     * If n is not a prime, then Z/nZ is not a field, and some elements might not be inversible.
     *
     * If the input value is not inversible, 0 is returned.
     *
     * NOTE: If you know for sure that n is (big) a prime, it may be cheaper to use Fermat's little theorem and get the
     * inverse using `Math.modExp(a, n - 2, n)`. See {invModPrime}.
     */
    function invMod(uint256 a, uint256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (n == 0) return 0;

            // The inverse modulo is calculated using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm (iterative version)
            // Used to compute integers x and y such that: ax + ny = gcd(a, n).
            // When the gcd is 1, then the inverse of a modulo n exists and it's x.
            // ax + ny = 1
            // ax = 1 + (-y)n
            // ax ≡ 1 (mod n) # x is the inverse of a modulo n

            // If the remainder is 0 the gcd is n right away.
            uint256 remainder = a % n;
            uint256 gcd = n;

            // Therefore the initial coefficients are:
            // ax + ny = gcd(a, n) = n
            // 0a + 1n = n
            int256 x = 0;
            int256 y = 1;

            while (remainder != 0) {
                uint256 quotient = gcd / remainder;

                (gcd, remainder) = (
                    // The old remainder is the next gcd to try.
                    remainder,
                    // Compute the next remainder.
                    // Can't overflow given that (a % gcd) * (gcd // (a % gcd)) <= gcd
                    // where gcd is at most n (capped to type(uint256).max)
                    gcd - remainder * quotient
                );

                (x, y) = (
                    // Increment the coefficient of a.
                    y,
                    // Decrement the coefficient of n.
                    // Can overflow, but the result is casted to uint256 so that the
                    // next value of y is "wrapped around" to a value between 0 and n - 1.
                    x - y * int256(quotient)
                );
            }

            if (gcd != 1) return 0; // No inverse exists.
            return ternary(x < 0, n - uint256(-x), uint256(x)); // Wrap the result if it's negative.
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {invMod}. More efficient, but only works if `p` is known to be a prime greater than `2`.
     *
     * From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_little_theorem[Fermat's little theorem], we know that if p is
     * prime, then `a**(p-1) ≡ 1 mod p`. As a consequence, we have `a * a**(p-2) ≡ 1 mod p`, which means that
     * `a**(p-2)` is the modular multiplicative inverse of a in Fp.
     *
     * NOTE: this function does NOT check that `p` is a prime greater than `2`.
     */
    function invModPrime(uint256 a, uint256 p) internal view returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            return Math.modExp(a, p - 2, p);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m)
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - modulus can't be zero
     * - underlying staticcall to precompile must succeed
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the underlying call succeeds. When using this function, make
     * sure the chain you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation
     * at address 0x05 as specified in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise,
     * the underlying function will succeed given the lack of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly
     * interpreted as 0.
     */
    function modExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
        if (!success) {
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m).
     * It includes a success flag indicating if the operation succeeded. Operation will be marked as failed if trying
     * to operate modulo 0 or if the underlying precompile reverted.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the success flag is true. When using this function, make sure the chain
     * you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation at address 0x05 as specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise, the underlying function will succeed given the lack
     * of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly interpreted as 0.
     */
    function tryModExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        if (m == 0) return (false, 0);
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            // | Offset    | Content    | Content (Hex)                                                      |
            // |-----------|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | 0x00:0x1f | size of b  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x20:0x3f | size of e  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x40:0x5f | size of m  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x60:0x7f | value of b | 0x<.............................................................b> |
            // | 0x80:0x9f | value of e | 0x<.............................................................e> |
            // | 0xa0:0xbf | value of m | 0x<.............................................................m> |
            mstore(ptr, 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x60), b)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x80), e)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0xa0), m)

            // Given the result < m, it's guaranteed to fit in 32 bytes,
            // so we can use the memory scratch space located at offset 0.
            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, ptr, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x20)
            result := mload(0x00)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {modExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
     */
    function modExp(bytes memory b, bytes memory e, bytes memory m) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
        if (!success) {
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {tryModExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
     */
    function tryModExp(
        bytes memory b,
        bytes memory e,
        bytes memory m
    ) internal view returns (bool success, bytes memory result) {
        if (_zeroBytes(m)) return (false, new bytes(0));

        uint256 mLen = m.length;

        // Encode call args in result and move the free memory pointer
        result = abi.encodePacked(b.length, e.length, mLen, b, e, m);

        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let dataPtr := add(result, 0x20)
            // Write result on top of args to avoid allocating extra memory.
            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, dataPtr, mload(result), dataPtr, mLen)
            // Overwrite the length.
            // result.length > returndatasize() is guaranteed because returndatasize() == m.length
            mstore(result, mLen)
            // Set the memory pointer after the returned data.
            mstore(0x40, add(dataPtr, mLen))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the provided byte array is zero.
     */
    function _zeroBytes(bytes memory byteArray) private pure returns (bool) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < byteArray.length; ++i) {
            if (byteArray[i] != 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * This method is based on Newton's method for computing square roots; the algorithm is restricted to only
     * using integer operations.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Take care of easy edge cases when a == 0 or a == 1
            if (a <= 1) {
                return a;
            }

            // In this function, we use Newton's method to get a root of `f(x) := x² - a`. It involves building a
            // sequence x_n that converges toward sqrt(a). For each iteration x_n, we also define the error between
            // the current value as `ε_n = | x_n - sqrt(a) |`.
            //
            // For our first estimation, we consider `e` the smallest power of 2 which is bigger than the square root
            // of the target. (i.e. `2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e`). We know that `e ≤ 128` because `(2¹²⁸)² = 2²⁵⁶` is
            // bigger than any uint256.
            //
            // By noticing that
            // `2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e → (2**(e-1))² ≤ a < (2**e)² → 2**(2*e-2) ≤ a < 2**(2*e)`
            // we can deduce that `e - 1` is `log2(a) / 2`. We can thus compute `x_n = 2**(e-1)` using a method similar
            // to the msb function.
            uint256 aa = a;
            uint256 xn = 1;

            if (aa >= (1 << 128)) {
                aa >>= 128;
                xn <<= 64;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 64)) {
                aa >>= 64;
                xn <<= 32;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 32)) {
                aa >>= 32;
                xn <<= 16;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 16)) {
                aa >>= 16;
                xn <<= 8;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 8)) {
                aa >>= 8;
                xn <<= 4;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 4)) {
                aa >>= 4;
                xn <<= 2;
            }
            if (aa >= (1 << 2)) {
                xn <<= 1;
            }

            // We now have x_n such that `x_n = 2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) < 2**e = 2 * x_n`. This implies ε_n ≤ 2**(e-1).
            //
            // We can refine our estimation by noticing that the middle of that interval minimizes the error.
            // If we move x_n to equal 2**(e-1) + 2**(e-2), then we reduce the error to ε_n ≤ 2**(e-2).
            // This is going to be our x_0 (and ε_0)
            xn = (3 * xn) >> 1; // ε_0 := | x_0 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-2)

            // From here, Newton's method give us:
            // x_{n+1} = (x_n + a / x_n) / 2
            //
            // One should note that:
            // x_{n+1}² - a = ((x_n + a / x_n) / 2)² - a
            //              = ((x_n² + a) / (2 * x_n))² - a
            //              = (x_n⁴ + 2 * a * x_n² + a²) / (4 * x_n²) - a
            //              = (x_n⁴ + 2 * a * x_n² + a² - 4 * a * x_n²) / (4 * x_n²)
            //              = (x_n⁴ - 2 * a * x_n² + a²) / (4 * x_n²)
            //              = (x_n² - a)² / (2 * x_n)²
            //              = ((x_n² - a) / (2 * x_n))²
            //              ≥ 0
            // Which proves that for all n ≥ 1, sqrt(a) ≤ x_n
            //
            // This gives us the proof of quadratic convergence of the sequence:
            // ε_{n+1} = | x_{n+1} - sqrt(a) |
            //         = | (x_n + a / x_n) / 2 - sqrt(a) |
            //         = | (x_n² + a - 2*x_n*sqrt(a)) / (2 * x_n) |
            //         = | (x_n - sqrt(a))² / (2 * x_n) |
            //         = | ε_n² / (2 * x_n) |
            //         = ε_n² / | (2 * x_n) |
            //
            // For the first iteration, we have a special case where x_0 is known:
            // ε_1 = ε_0² / | (2 * x_0) |
            //     ≤ (2**(e-2))² / (2 * (2**(e-1) + 2**(e-2)))
            //     ≤ 2**(2*e-4) / (3 * 2**(e-1))
            //     ≤ 2**(e-3) / 3
            //     ≤ 2**(e-3-log2(3))
            //     ≤ 2**(e-4.5)
            //
            // For the following iterations, we use the fact that, 2**(e-1) ≤ sqrt(a) ≤ x_n:
            // ε_{n+1} = ε_n² / | (2 * x_n) |
            //         ≤ (2**(e-k))² / (2 * 2**(e-1))
            //         ≤ 2**(2*e-2*k) / 2**e
            //         ≤ 2**(e-2*k)
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_1 := | x_1 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-4.5)  -- special case, see above
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_2 := | x_2 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-9)    -- general case with k = 4.5
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_3 := | x_3 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-18)   -- general case with k = 9
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_4 := | x_4 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-36)   -- general case with k = 18
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_5 := | x_5 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-72)   -- general case with k = 36
            xn = (xn + a / xn) >> 1; // ε_6 := | x_6 - sqrt(a) | ≤ 2**(e-144)  -- general case with k = 72

            // Because e ≤ 128 (as discussed during the first estimation phase), we know have reached a precision
            // ε_6 ≤ 2**(e-144) < 1. Given we're operating on integers, then we can ensure that xn is now either
            // sqrt(a) or sqrt(a) + 1.
            return xn - SafeCast.toUint(xn > a / xn);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        // If value has upper 128 bits set, log2 result is at least 128
        r = SafeCast.toUint(x > 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff) << 7;
        // If upper 64 bits of 128-bit half set, add 64 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffffffffffff) << 6;
        // If upper 32 bits of 64-bit half set, add 32 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffff) << 5;
        // If upper 16 bits of 32-bit half set, add 16 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffff) << 4;
        // If upper 8 bits of 16-bit half set, add 8 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xff) << 3;
        // If upper 4 bits of 8-bit half set, add 4 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xf) << 2;

        // Shifts value right by the current result and use it as an index into this lookup table:
        //
        // | x (4 bits) |  index  | table[index] = MSB position |
        // |------------|---------|-----------------------------|
        // |    0000    |    0    |        table[0] = 0         |
        // |    0001    |    1    |        table[1] = 0         |
        // |    0010    |    2    |        table[2] = 1         |
        // |    0011    |    3    |        table[3] = 1         |
        // |    0100    |    4    |        table[4] = 2         |
        // |    0101    |    5    |        table[5] = 2         |
        // |    0110    |    6    |        table[6] = 2         |
        // |    0111    |    7    |        table[7] = 2         |
        // |    1000    |    8    |        table[8] = 3         |
        // |    1001    |    9    |        table[9] = 3         |
        // |    1010    |   10    |        table[10] = 3        |
        // |    1011    |   11    |        table[11] = 3        |
        // |    1100    |   12    |        table[12] = 3        |
        // |    1101    |   13    |        table[13] = 3        |
        // |    1110    |   14    |        table[14] = 3        |
        // |    1111    |   15    |        table[15] = 3        |
        //
        // The lookup table is represented as a 32-byte value with the MSB positions for 0-15 in the last 16 bytes.
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r := or(r, byte(shr(r, x), 0x0000010102020202030303030303030300000000000000000000000000000000))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        // If value has upper 128 bits set, log2 result is at least 128
        r = SafeCast.toUint(x > 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff) << 7;
        // If upper 64 bits of 128-bit half set, add 64 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffffffffffff) << 6;
        // If upper 32 bits of 64-bit half set, add 32 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffffffff) << 5;
        // If upper 16 bits of 32-bit half set, add 16 to result
        r |= SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xffff) << 4;
        // Add 1 if upper 8 bits of 16-bit half set, and divide accumulated result by 8
        return (r >> 3) | SafeCast.toUint((x >> r) > 0xff);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-20 standard as defined in the ERC.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
import {IERC1363} from "../../../interfaces/IERC1363.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC-20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC-20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {safeTransfer} that returns a bool instead of reverting if the operation is not successful.
     */
    function trySafeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _callOptionalReturnBool(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {safeTransferFrom} that returns a bool instead of reverting if the operation is not successful.
     */
    function trySafeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _callOptionalReturnBool(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: If the token implements ERC-7674 (ERC-20 with temporary allowance), and if the "client"
     * smart contract uses ERC-7674 to set temporary allowances, then the "client" smart contract should avoid using
     * this function. Performing a {safeIncreaseAllowance} or {safeDecreaseAllowance} operation on a token contract
     * that has a non-zero temporary allowance (for that particular owner-spender) will result in unexpected behavior.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
     * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: If the token implements ERC-7674 (ERC-20 with temporary allowance), and if the "client"
     * smart contract uses ERC-7674 to set temporary allowances, then the "client" smart contract should avoid using
     * this function. Performing a {safeIncreaseAllowance} or {safeDecreaseAllowance} operation on a token contract
     * that has a non-zero temporary allowance (for that particular owner-spender) will result in unexpected behavior.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     *
     * NOTE: If the token implements ERC-7674, this function will not modify any temporary allowance. This function
     * only sets the "standard" allowance. Any temporary allowance will remain active, in addition to the value being
     * set here.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} transferAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} transfer if the target has no
     * code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function transferAndCallRelaxed(IERC1363 token, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            safeTransfer(token, to, value);
        } else if (!token.transferAndCall(to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} transferFromAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} transferFrom if the target
     * has no code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function transferFromAndCallRelaxed(
        IERC1363 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            safeTransferFrom(token, from, to, value);
        } else if (!token.transferFromAndCall(from, to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} approveAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} approve if the target has no
     * code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * NOTE: When the recipient address (`to`) has no code (i.e. is an EOA), this function behaves as {forceApprove}.
     * Opposedly, when the recipient address (`to`) has code, this function only attempts to call {ERC1363-approveAndCall}
     * once without retrying, and relies on the returned value to be true.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function approveAndCallRelaxed(IERC1363 token, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            forceApprove(token, to, value);
        } else if (!token.approveAndCall(to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturnBool} that reverts if call fails to meet the requirements.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let success := call(gas(), token, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0x20)
            // bubble errors
            if iszero(success) {
                let ptr := mload(0x40)
                returndatacopy(ptr, 0, returndatasize())
                revert(ptr, returndatasize())
            }
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0)
        }

        if (returnSize == 0 ? address(token).code.length == 0 : returnValue != 1) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silently catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        bool success;
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            success := call(gas(), token, 0, add(data, 0x20), mload(data), 0, 0x20)
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0)
        }
        return success && (returnSize == 0 ? address(token).code.length > 0 : returnValue == 1);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If EIP-1153 (transient storage) is available on the chain you're deploying at,
 * consider using {ReentrancyGuardTransient} instead.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    /**
     * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
     */
    error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();

    constructor() {
        _status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be NOT_ENTERED
        if (_status == ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
        }

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == ENTERED;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.9.0;

library console {
    address constant CONSOLE_ADDRESS =
        0x000000000000000000636F6e736F6c652e6c6f67;

    function _sendLogPayloadImplementation(bytes memory payload) internal view {
        address consoleAddress = CONSOLE_ADDRESS;
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            pop(
                staticcall(
                    gas(),
                    consoleAddress,
                    add(payload, 32),
                    mload(payload),
                    0,
                    0
                )
            )
        }
    }

    function _castToPure(
      function(bytes memory) internal view fnIn
    ) internal pure returns (function(bytes memory) pure fnOut) {
        assembly {
            fnOut := fnIn
        }
    }

    function _sendLogPayload(bytes memory payload) internal pure {
        _castToPure(_sendLogPayloadImplementation)(payload);
    }

    function log() internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log()"));
    }

    function logInt(int256 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(int256)", p0));
    }

    function logUint(uint256 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256)", p0));
    }

    function logString(string memory p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string)", p0));
    }

    function logBool(bool p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool)", p0));
    }

    function logAddress(address p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes(bytes memory p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes1(bytes1 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes1)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes2(bytes2 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes2)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes3(bytes3 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes3)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes4(bytes4 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes4)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes5(bytes5 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes5)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes6(bytes6 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes6)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes7(bytes7 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes7)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes8(bytes8 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes8)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes9(bytes9 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes9)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes10(bytes10 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes10)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes11(bytes11 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes11)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes12(bytes12 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes12)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes13(bytes13 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes13)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes14(bytes14 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes14)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes15(bytes15 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes15)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes16(bytes16 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes16)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes17(bytes17 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes17)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes18(bytes18 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes18)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes19(bytes19 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes19)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes20(bytes20 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes20)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes21(bytes21 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes21)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes22(bytes22 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes22)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes23(bytes23 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes23)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes24(bytes24 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes24)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes25(bytes25 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes25)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes26(bytes26 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes26)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes27(bytes27 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes27)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes28(bytes28 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes28)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes29(bytes29 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes29)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes30(bytes30 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes30)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes31(bytes31 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes31)", p0));
    }

    function logBytes32(bytes32 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bytes32)", p0));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256)", p0));
    }

    function log(int256 p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(int256)", p0));
    }

    function log(string memory p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string)", p0));
    }

    function log(bool p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool)", p0));
    }

    function log(address p0) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address)", p0));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, int256 p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,int256)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address)", p0, p1));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, uint256 p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, string memory p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,string)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, bool p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, address p2) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,address)", p0, p1, p2));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, uint256 p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,uint256,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, string memory p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,string,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, bool p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,bool,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(uint256 p0, address p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(uint256,address,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, uint256 p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,uint256,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, string memory p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,string,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, bool p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,bool,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(string memory p0, address p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(string,address,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, uint256 p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,uint256,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, string memory p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,string,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, bool p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,bool,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(bool p0, address p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(bool,address,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, uint256 p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,uint256,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, string memory p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,string,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, bool p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,bool,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, uint256 p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,uint256,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, uint256 p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,uint256,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, uint256 p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,uint256,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, uint256 p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,uint256,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, string memory p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,string,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, string memory p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,string,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, string memory p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,string,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, string memory p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,string,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, bool p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,bool,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, bool p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,bool,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, bool p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,bool,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, bool p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,bool,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, address p2, uint256 p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,address,uint256)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, address p2, string memory p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,address,string)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, address p2, bool p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,address,bool)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }

    function log(address p0, address p1, address p2, address p3) internal pure {
        _sendLogPayload(abi.encodeWithSignature("log(address,address,address,address)", p0, p1, p2, p3));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

/**
 * @title Errors
 * @notice Defines custom error types for various contract operations.
 * @dev This library provides reusable error messages for share operations, authorization checks, and vault interactions.
 */
library Errors {
    //============================== GENERICS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when an unauthorized method to a target is called.
     * @dev The method must be authorized by setUserRole and setRoleCapability from RolesAuthority.
     * @param target The target address.
     * @param functionSig The function signature being called.
     */
    error TargetMethodNotAuthorized(address target, bytes4 functionSig);

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when insufficient shares balance is available to complete the operation.
     */
    error InsufficientShares();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the operation is called by a user that is not the owner of the shares.
     */
    error NotSharesOwner();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the input shares amount is zero.
     */
    error SharesAmountZero();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when a claim request is fulfilled with an invalid shares amount.
     */
    error InvalidSharesAmount();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown receiver is invalid.
     */
    error InvalidReceiverAddress();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown receiver is invalid.
     */
    error InvalidOperatorAddress();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown owner is invalid.
     */
    error InvalidOwnerAddress();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown shares are not returned during flashRedeem
     */
    error SharesNotReturned();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the actual shares received is less than the minimum expected
     * @param actualShares The number of shares actually received
     * @param minShares The minimum number of shares expected
     */
    error InsufficientSharesReceived(uint256 actualShares, uint256 minShares);

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the assets required exceeds the maximum the caller is willing to pay
     * @param actualAssets The number of assets actually required
     * @param maxAssets The maximum number of assets the caller is willing to pay
     */
    error ExcessiveAssetsRequired(uint256 actualAssets, uint256 maxAssets);

    /**
     * @notice Thrown there is a mismatch in Total Supply
     */
    error TotalSupplyMismatch();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown there is a asset balance mismatch in Vault
     */
    error AssetBalanceMismatch();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when a withdraw is attempted with an amount different than the claimable assets.
     */
    error InvalidAssetsAmount();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the new max percentage is greater than the current max percentage.
     */
    error InvalidMaxPercentage();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the new fee is greater than the max allowed fee.
     */
    error InvalidFee();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when the underlying balance has already been updated in the current block.
     */
    error UpdateAlreadyCompletedInThisBlock();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when redeem() or withdraw() is called.
     */
    error UseRequestRedeem();

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when deposit / mint is with assets < minimum deposit amount
     */
    error DepositAmountLessThanThreshold(uint256 amount, uint256 minDepositAmount);

    /**
     * @notice Thrown when deposit / mint is with assets < minimum deposit amount
     */
    error UnsupportedRedeemType(uint8 redeemType);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

/**
 * @title MultipliVault
 * @notice Interface for the Multipli vault
 * @dev Defines events and functions related to redeem requests, fee updates, and balance tracking.
 */
interface IMultipliVault {
    /**
     * @dev Structure to store pending redeem requests.
     * @param assets The amount of assets to be redeemed.
     * @param shares The amount of shares to be redeemed.
     */
    struct PendingRedeem {
        uint256 assets;
        uint256 shares;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the withdraw fee is updated.
     * @param lastFee The previous fee value.
     * @param newFee The new fee value.
     */
    event WithdrawFeeUpdated(uint256 lastFee, uint256 newFee);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the deposit fee is updated.
     * @param lastFee The previous fee value.
     * @param newFee The new fee value.
     */
    event DepositFeeUpdated(uint256 lastFee, uint256 newFee);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the fee recipient is updated.
     * @param lastFeeRecipient The previous fee recipient address.
     * @param newFeeRecipient The new fee recipient address.
     */
    event FeeRecipientUpdated(address lastFeeRecipient, address newFeeRecipient);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the max percentage is updated.
     * @param lastMaxPercentage The previous max percentage.
     * @param newMaxPercentage The new max percentage.
     */
    event MaxPercentageUpdated(uint256 lastMaxPercentage, uint256 newMaxPercentage);

    event MinDepositAmountUpdated(uint256 minDepositAmount, uint256 newMinDepositAmount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the underlying balance is updated by the oracle.
     * @param lastUnderlyingBalance The previous underlying balance.
     * @param newUnderlyingBalance The new underlying balance.
     */
    event UnderlyingBalanceUpdated(uint256 lastUnderlyingBalance, uint256 newUnderlyingBalance);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new redeem request is created.
     * @param receiver The receiving address.
     * @param owner The owner address.
     * @param assets The assets amount.
     * @param shares The shares amount.
     */
    event RedeemRequest(
        address indexed receiver, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new instant redeem request is created.
     * @param receiver The receiving address.
     * @param owner The owner address.
     * @param assets The assets amount.
     * @param shares The shares amount.
     */
    event InstantRedeemRequest(
        address indexed receiver, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a redeem request is fulfilled.
     * @param receiver The receiving address.
     * @param shares The shares amount.
     * @param assets The assets amount.
     */
    event RequestFulfilled(address indexed receiver, uint256 shares, uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a instant redeem request is fulfilled.
     * @param receiver The receiving address.
     * @param shares The shares amount.
     * @param assets The assets amount.
     */
    event InstantRequestFulfilled(address indexed receiver, uint256 shares, uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a flash redeem request is fulfilled.
     * @param initiator The address that originally initiated the flashRedeem request
     * @param operator The contract that is responsible for paying back the shares
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets (usdc, wbtc, etc)
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem (total position size)
     * @param assetsWithoutFee The amount of assets excluding fee
     * @param fee The amount of assets paid as fee
     */
    event FlashRedeemFulfilled(
        address indexed initiator,
        address indexed operator,
        address indexed receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        uint256 assetsWithoutFee,
        uint256 fee
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a redeem request is cancelled.
     * @param receiver The receiving address.
     * @param shares The shares amount.
     * @param assets The assets amount.
     */
    event RequestCancelled(address indexed receiver, uint256 shares, uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @notice Requests a redeem operation for the specified shares.
     * @param shares The number of shares to redeem.
     * @param receiver The address to receive the assets.
     * @param owner The address of the owner of the shares.
     * @return requestId The ID of the created redeem request.
     */
    function requestRedeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    )
        external
        returns (uint256 requestId);

    /**
     * @notice Request an instant redemption of shares (requires authorization)
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem instantly
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the assets
     * @param owner The address that owns the shares
     * @return requestId The ID of the request (always 0)
     * @dev Only authorized users (external curators) can call this function
     */
    function requestInstantRedeem(
        uint256 shares,
        address receiver,
        address owner
    )
        external
        returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Flash redemption for unwinding leveraged positions
     * @dev Provides USDC upfront, expects equivalent xUSDC shares back after external operator call
     * @param initiator The address that originally initiated the request
     * @param operator The contract that will handle position unwinding on Euler
     * @param receiver The address that will receive the USDC (usually the user)
     * @param shares The amount of shares to redeem (total position size)
     * @param data Additional data for the operator callback
     */
    function flashRedeem(
        address initiator,
        address operator,
        address receiver,
        uint256 shares,
        bytes calldata data
    )
        external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.30;

/**
 * @title IVariableVaultFee
 * @notice Interface for managing variable fees on vault operations
 * @dev Supports both flat and percentage-based fees for deposits and withdrawals
 */
interface IVariableVaultFee {
    // Enums
    enum FeeType {
        FLAT,
        PERCENTAGE
    }

    enum FeeOperation {
        DEPOSIT,
        WITHDRAWAL,
        INSTANT_WITHDRAWAL,
        FLASH_REDEEM
    }

    // Structs
    struct FeeConfig {
        FeeType feeType;
        uint256 feeAmount; // Either percentage (1e17 = 10%) or flat amount (e.g., 100e18)
    }

    struct AssetFeeConfig {
        FeeConfig withdrawalFee;
        FeeConfig depositFee;
        FeeConfig instantWithdrawalFee;
        FeeConfig flashRedeemFee;
        address feeRecipient;
    }

    // Events
    event RegisterAsset(address indexed user, address indexed asset, AssetFeeConfig config);
    event DeregisterAsset(address indexed user, address indexed asset);
    event UpdateAssetFeeConfig(
        address indexed user,
        address indexed asset,
        AssetFeeConfig oldConfig,
        AssetFeeConfig newConfig
    );

    // Errors
    /// @notice Thrown when an invalid asset address is provided or asset is not registered
    error InvalidAsset();

    /// @notice Thrown when asset configuration parameters are invalid
    error InvalidAssetConfig();

    /// @notice Thrown when attempting to register an asset that is already registered
    error AssetAlreadyRegistered();

    /// @notice Thrown when amount is insufficient for the operation
    error ZeroAmount();

    /// @notice Thrown when amount is insufficient for the operation
    error InsufficientAmount();

    // View Functions

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on raw amount (amount without fees included)
     * @param asset The asset address
     * @param amount The raw amount
     * @param operation The fee operation type (deposit/withdrawal)
     * @return The fee amount to be added
     */
    function feeOnRaw(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount,
        FeeOperation operation
    )
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on total amount (amount with fees already included)
     * @param asset The asset address
     * @param amount The total amount including fees
     * @param operation The fee operation type (deposit/withdrawal)
     * @return The fee portion of the total amount
     */
    function feeOnTotal(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount,
        FeeOperation operation
    )
        external
        view
        returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Return the Fee Recipient
     * @param asset The asset address
     * @return The address to which the fee should be sent
     */
    function getFeeRecipient(address asset) external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.30;

interface IMultipliVaultCallee {
    /// @notice This function is called by the Multipli vault, which sends in flash
    /// loaned amount beforehand. The Multipli vault expects the specified shares
    /// to be returned by the contract at the end of the call.
    /// @param _initiator The address that initiated the flashRedeem request
    /// @param _asset The asset to return to Multipli.
    /// @param _underlyingAsset The underlying asset sent by Multipli in the flash loan.
    /// @param _shares The amount of asset to return.
    /// @param _underlyingAmount The amount of flash loaned underlying asset sent by
    /// Multipli.
    /// @param _additionalData Any additional data for the flash loan.
    function onRedemptionFlashLoan(
        address _initiator,
        address _asset,
        address _underlyingAsset,
        uint256 _shares,
        uint256 _underlyingAmount,
        bytes memory _additionalData
    )
        external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import { IVariableVaultFee } from "../interfaces/IVariableVaultFee.sol";

import { Authority } from "@solmate/auth/Auth.sol";
import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @title VaultFeeUpgradeable
 */
abstract contract VaultFeeUpgradeable is Initializable {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the fee contract is updated.
     * @param user The address initiating the update.
     * @param oldFeeContract The previous fee contract.
     * @param newFeeContract The new fee contract.
     */
    event FeeContractUpdated(address indexed user, address oldFeeContract, address newFeeContract);

    error ConfiguredIncorrectly(bytes4 msgSig);

    /**
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:multipli.storage.vaultfee
     * @dev Structure to hold Vault fee contract data
     */
    struct VaultFeeStorage {
        IVariableVaultFee feeContract;
    }

    // Storage slot for the VaultFeeStorageLocation struct.
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("multipli.storage.vaultfeeV1")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant VaultFeeStorageLocation =
        0x4e0114f5bb788bf295d0ab17f602045fbe9841605d1e05a2674fbfa584e94700;

    /**
     * @dev Returns a reference to the VaultFeeStorage struct.
     * @return $ Reference to the VaultFeeStorage struct.
     */
    function _getVaultFeeStorage() private pure returns (VaultFeeStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := VaultFeeStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the contract with the vault fee contract.
     * @param _feeContract The initial fee contract.
     * @dev This function can only be called during contract initialization.
     */
    function __VaultFeeUpgreadable_init(IVariableVaultFee _feeContract) internal onlyInitializing {
        __VaultFeeUpgreadable_init_unchained(_feeContract);
    }

    function __VaultFeeUpgreadable_init_unchained(IVariableVaultFee _feeContract)
        internal
        onlyInitializing
    {
        VaultFeeStorage storage $ = _getVaultFeeStorage();
        $.feeContract = _feeContract;
        emit FeeContractUpdated(msg.sender, address(0), address(_feeContract));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the current fee contract.
     * @return The current fee contract address.
     */
    function feeContract() public view virtual returns (IVariableVaultFee) {
        return _getVaultFeeStorage().feeContract;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the fee contract. Developers are expected to add access control for this method.
     * @param _feeContract The new fee contract.
     */
    function setFeeContract(IVariableVaultFee _feeContract) public virtual {
        VaultFeeStorage storage $ = _getVaultFeeStorage();
        IVariableVaultFee oldFeeContract = feeContract();
        $.feeContract = _feeContract;
        emit FeeContractUpdated(msg.sender, address(oldFeeContract), address(_feeContract));
    }

    function _getFeeRecipient(address asset) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        IVariableVaultFee feeContractAddr = feeContract();
        return feeContractAddr.getFeeRecipient(asset);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function to calculate fees for operations.
     * @dev Refactored common logic for all fee calculation methods.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The amount to calculate fees for.
     * @param operation The fee operation type.
     * @param isRawAmount Whether the amount is raw (true) or total (false).
     * @return The calculated fee amount.
     */
    function _calculateFee(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount,
        IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation operation,
        bool isRawAmount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        IVariableVaultFee feeContractAddr = feeContract();

        if (address(feeContractAddr) == address(0)) {
            revert ConfiguredIncorrectly(msg.sig);
        }

        if (isRawAmount) {
            return feeContractAddr.feeOnRaw(asset, amount, operation);
        } else {
            return feeContractAddr.feeOnTotal(asset, amount, operation);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on raw deposit amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The raw deposit amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnRawDeposit(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.DEPOSIT, true);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on raw withdrawal amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The raw withdrawal amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnRawWithdrawal(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.WITHDRAWAL, true);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on raw instant withdrawal amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The raw withdrawal amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnRawInstantWithdrawal(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.INSTANT_WITHDRAWAL, true);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on total deposit amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The total deposit amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnTotalDeposit(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.DEPOSIT, false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on total withdrawal amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The total withdrawal amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnTotalWithdrawal(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.WITHDRAWAL, false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on total instant withdrawal amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The total withdrawal amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnTotalInstantWithdrawal(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return
            _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.INSTANT_WITHDRAWAL, false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculate fee on total instant withdrawal amount.
     * @param asset The asset address.
     * @param amount The total withdrawal amount.
     * @return The fee amount.
     */
    function _feeOnTotalFlashWithdrawal(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount
    )
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        // todo: create a new redemption type
        // temporarily using INSTANT_WITHDRAWAL fee
        return _calculateFee(asset, amount, IVariableVaultFee.FeeOperation.FLASH_REDEEM, false);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import { Authority } from "@solmate/auth/Auth.sol";
import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @title AuthUpgradeable
 * @notice Upgradable fork of https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/auth/Auth.sol
 * @dev Provides role-based authorization mechanism with upgradeability support.
 */
abstract contract AuthUpgradeable is Initializable {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when ownership is transferred.
     * @param user The address of the old owner.
     * @param newOwner The address receiving ownership.
     */
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed user, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the authority contract is updated.
     * @param user The address initiating the update.
     * @param newAuthority The new authority contract.
     */
    event AuthorityUpdated(address indexed user, Authority indexed newAuthority);

    /**
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:auth.storage
     * @dev Structure to hold authorization data.
     */
    struct AuthStorage {
        address owner;
        Authority authority;
    }

    // Storage slot for the AuthStorage struct.
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("auth.storage")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant AuthStorageLocation =
        0xdd3fd67aef415aded9493b31ad20a02d2991d4bb2760431cc729821271eaea00;

    /**
     * @dev Returns a reference to the AuthStorage struct.
     * @return $ Reference to the AuthStorage struct.
     */
    function _getAuthStorage() private pure returns (AuthStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := AuthStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the contract with the specified owner and authority.
     * @param _owner The address of the initial owner.
     * @param _authority The initial authority contract.
     * @dev This function can only be called during contract initialization.
     */
    function __Auth_init(address _owner, Authority _authority) internal onlyInitializing {
        __Auth_init_unchained(_owner, _authority);
    }

    function __Auth_init_unchained(
        address _owner,
        Authority _authority
    )
        internal
        onlyInitializing
    {
        AuthStorage storage $ = _getAuthStorage();
        $.owner = _owner;
        $.authority = _authority;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(msg.sender, _owner);
        emit AuthorityUpdated(msg.sender, _authority);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Modifier to restrict access to authorized users.
     */
    modifier requiresAuth() virtual {
        require(isAuthorized(msg.sender, msg.sig), "UNAUTHORIZED");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a user is authorized to call a specific function.
     * @param user The address of the user.
     * @param functionSig The function signature being called.
     * @return bool True if authorized, false otherwise.
     */
    function isAuthorized(address user, bytes4 functionSig) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        AuthStorage storage $ = _getAuthStorage();
        Authority auth = $.authority;
        return (address(auth) != address(0) && auth.canCall(user, address(this), functionSig))
            || user == $.owner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the address of the owner.
     * @return The address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getAuthStorage().owner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the current authority contract.
     * @return The current authority contract address.
     */
    function authority() public view virtual returns (Authority) {
        return _getAuthStorage().authority;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the authority contract.
     * @param newAuthority The new authority contract.
     * @dev Can only be called by the owner or current authority.
     */
    function setAuthority(Authority newAuthority) public virtual {
        AuthStorage storage $ = _getAuthStorage();
        require(
            msg.sender == $.owner || $.authority.canCall(msg.sender, address(this), msg.sig),
            "UNAUTHORIZED"
        );
        $.authority = newAuthority;
        emit AuthorityUpdated(msg.sender, newAuthority);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers ownership to a new address.
     * @param newOwner The address to receive ownership.
     * @dev Can only be called by an authorized user.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual requiresAuth {
        AuthStorage storage $ = _getAuthStorage();
        $.owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(msg.sender, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.30;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @title FundMovementHelperUpgradeable
 * @notice Abstract contract providing fund transfer functionality with recipient whitelisting
 * @dev This contract implements a whitelist-based fund transfer system for upgradeable contracts.
 * It allows authorized users to transfer funds only to pre-approved recipients.
 *
 * Key features:
 * - Recipient whitelisting mechanism
 * - Safe ERC20 token transfers
 * - Upgradeable storage pattern using ERC-7201
 * - Event emission for transparency
 *
 * @custom:security-contact [email protected]
 */
abstract contract FundMovementHelperUpgradeable is Initializable {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    //============================== ERRORS ===============================

    /// @notice Thrown when attempting to set the same whitelist status for a user
    error NoChangeInWhitelistStatus();

    /// @notice Thrown when attempting to transfer zero amount
    error AmountZero();

    /// @notice Thrown when attempting to transfer to a non-whitelisted recipient
    error RecipientNotWhitelisted();

    /// @notice Thrown when address is 0 (address(0))
    error AddressZero();

    //============================== EVENTS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when funds are removed from the contract
     * @param initiator The address that initiated the fund removal
     * @param asset The address of the asset being transferred
     * @param amount The amount of assets transferred
     * @param recipient The address receiving the funds
     */
    event FundsRemoved(
        address indexed initiator, address indexed asset, uint256 amount, address indexed recipient
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a user's whitelist status is updated
     * @param initiator The address that initiated the whitelist update
     * @param recipient The address whose whitelist status was updated
     * @param isWhitelisted The new whitelist status (true = whitelisted, false = removed)
     */
    event WhitelistUpdated(
        address indexed initiator, address indexed recipient, bool isWhitelisted
    );

    //============================== STORAGE ===============================

    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:multipli.storage.FundMovementHelperStorage
    struct FundMovementHelperStorage {
        /// @dev Mapping to track whitelisted fund transfer recipients
        mapping(address => bool) whitelistedRecipients;
    }

    // Storage slot for the FundMovementHelperStorage struct.
    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("multipli.storage.FundMovementHelperStorage")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant FUND_MOVEMENT_STORAGE_LOCATION =
        0x2bbdf87c296f0fc445d947563c77d7b805fc738a2e220084769a264d45deaf00;

    //============================== INITIALIZER ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the FundMovementHelper contract
     * @dev This function should be called during contract initialization
     */
    function __FundMovementHelper_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __FundMovementHelper_init_unchained();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unchained initializer for FundMovementHelper
     * @dev Contains the actual initialization logic
     */
    function __FundMovementHelper_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        // No initialization logic needed currently
    }

    //============================== VIEW FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a user is whitelisted as a fund transfer recipient
     * @param user The address to check
     * @return isWhitelisted True if the user is whitelisted, false otherwise
     */
    function isRecipientWhitelisted(address user) public view returns (bool isWhitelisted) {
        FundMovementHelperStorage storage $ = _getFundMovementHelperStorage();
        return $.whitelistedRecipients[user];
    }

    //============================== INTERNAL FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @notice Updates the whitelist status of a fund transfer recipient
     * @dev This method is expected to be called from the inheriting contract with proper access controls
     * @param user The address to update whitelist status for
     * @param isWhitelisted True to whitelist the user, false to remove from whitelist
     */
    function _whitelistFundTransferRecipient(address user, bool isWhitelisted) internal virtual {
        FundMovementHelperStorage storage $ = _getFundMovementHelperStorage();

        if (user == address(0)) {
            revert AddressZero();
        }

        if ($.whitelistedRecipients[user] == isWhitelisted) {
            revert NoChangeInWhitelistStatus();
        }

        $.whitelistedRecipients[user] = isWhitelisted;
        emit WhitelistUpdated(msg.sender, user, isWhitelisted);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes funds from the contract and transfers them to a whitelisted recipient
     * @dev This method should be called from the inheriting contract with proper access controls
     * @param asset The address of the ERC20 token to transfer
     * @param amount The amount of tokens to transfer
     * @param recipient The address to receive the funds (must be whitelisted)
     */
    function _removeFunds(address asset, uint256 amount, address recipient) internal virtual {
        if (amount == 0) {
            revert AmountZero();
        }
        if (!isRecipientWhitelisted(recipient)) {
            revert RecipientNotWhitelisted();
        }

        IERC20(asset).safeTransfer(recipient, amount);
        emit FundsRemoved(msg.sender, asset, amount, recipient);
    }

    //============================== PRIVATE FUNCTIONS ===============================

    /**
     * @dev Returns a reference to the FundMovementHelperStorage struct
     * @return $ Reference to the FundMovementHelperStorage struct
     */
    function _getFundMovementHelperStorage()
        private
        pure
        returns (FundMovementHelperStorage storage $)
    {
        assembly {
            $.slot := FUND_MOVEMENT_STORAGE_LOCATION
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.2.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Errors} from "./Errors.sol";

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, amount);
        }

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, value);
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {Errors.FailedCall}) in case
     * of an unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {Errors.FailedCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                revert(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
            }
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
import {IERC20Errors} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC-20
 * applications.
 */
abstract contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    mapping(address account => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * Both values are immutable: they can only be set once during construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC20
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC20
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC20
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Skips emitting an {Approval} event indicating an allowance update. This is not
     * required by the ERC. See {xref-ERC20-_approve-address-address-uint256-bool-}[_approve].
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            _totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }

        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                _balances[to] += value;
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`'s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner`'s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance < type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC4626.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {IERC4626} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC4626.sol";
import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC-4626 "Tokenized Vault Standard" as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4626[ERC-4626].
 *
 * This extension allows the minting and burning of "shares" (represented using the ERC-20 inheritance) in exchange for
 * underlying "assets" through standardized {deposit}, {mint}, {redeem} and {burn} workflows. This contract extends
 * the ERC-20 standard. Any additional extensions included along it would affect the "shares" token represented by this
 * contract and not the "assets" token which is an independent contract.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * In empty (or nearly empty) ERC-4626 vaults, deposits are at high risk of being stolen through frontrunning
 * with a "donation" to the vault that inflates the price of a share. This is variously known as a donation or inflation
 * attack and is essentially a problem of slippage. Vault deployers can protect against this attack by making an initial
 * deposit of a non-trivial amount of the asset, such that price manipulation becomes infeasible. Withdrawals may
 * similarly be affected by slippage. Users can protect against this attack as well as unexpected slippage in general by
 * verifying the amount received is as expected, using a wrapper that performs these checks such as
 * https://github.com/fei-protocol/ERC4626#erc4626router-and-base[ERC4626Router].
 *
 * Since v4.9, this implementation introduces configurable virtual assets and shares to help developers mitigate that risk.
 * The `_decimalsOffset()` corresponds to an offset in the decimal representation between the underlying asset's decimals
 * and the vault decimals. This offset also determines the rate of virtual shares to virtual assets in the vault, which
 * itself determines the initial exchange rate. While not fully preventing the attack, analysis shows that the default
 * offset (0) makes it non-profitable even if an attacker is able to capture value from multiple user deposits, as a result
 * of the value being captured by the virtual shares (out of the attacker's donation) matching the attacker's expected gains.
 * With a larger offset, the attack becomes orders of magnitude more expensive than it is profitable. More details about the
 * underlying math can be found xref:ROOT:erc4626.adoc#inflation-attack[here].
 *
 * The drawback of this approach is that the virtual shares do capture (a very small) part of the value being accrued
 * to the vault. Also, if the vault experiences losses, the users try to exit the vault, the virtual shares and assets
 * will cause the first user to exit to experience reduced losses in detriment to the last users that will experience
 * bigger losses. Developers willing to revert back to the pre-v4.9 behavior just need to override the
 * `_convertToShares` and `_convertToAssets` functions.
 *
 * To learn more, check out our xref:ROOT:erc4626.adoc[ERC-4626 guide].
 * ====
 */
abstract contract ERC4626Upgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, IERC4626 {
    using Math for uint256;

    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ERC4626
    struct ERC4626Storage {
        IERC20 _asset;
        uint8 _underlyingDecimals;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ERC4626")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ERC4626StorageLocation = 0x0773e532dfede91f04b12a73d3d2acd361424f41f76b4fb79f090161e36b4e00;

    function _getERC4626Storage() private pure returns (ERC4626Storage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ERC4626StorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Attempted to deposit more assets than the max amount for `receiver`.
     */
    error ERC4626ExceededMaxDeposit(address receiver, uint256 assets, uint256 max);

    /**
     * @dev Attempted to mint more shares than the max amount for `receiver`.
     */
    error ERC4626ExceededMaxMint(address receiver, uint256 shares, uint256 max);

    /**
     * @dev Attempted to withdraw more assets than the max amount for `receiver`.
     */
    error ERC4626ExceededMaxWithdraw(address owner, uint256 assets, uint256 max);

    /**
     * @dev Attempted to redeem more shares than the max amount for `receiver`.
     */
    error ERC4626ExceededMaxRedeem(address owner, uint256 shares, uint256 max);

    /**
     * @dev Set the underlying asset contract. This must be an ERC20-compatible contract (ERC-20 or ERC-777).
     */
    function __ERC4626_init(IERC20 asset_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC4626_init_unchained(asset_);
    }

    function __ERC4626_init_unchained(IERC20 asset_) internal onlyInitializing {
        ERC4626Storage storage $ = _getERC4626Storage();
        (bool success, uint8 assetDecimals) = _tryGetAssetDecimals(asset_);
        $._underlyingDecimals = success ? assetDecimals : 18;
        $._asset = asset_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Attempts to fetch the asset decimals. A return value of false indicates that the attempt failed in some way.
     */
    function _tryGetAssetDecimals(IERC20 asset_) private view returns (bool ok, uint8 assetDecimals) {
        (bool success, bytes memory encodedDecimals) = address(asset_).staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(IERC20Metadata.decimals, ())
        );
        if (success && encodedDecimals.length >= 32) {
            uint256 returnedDecimals = abi.decode(encodedDecimals, (uint256));
            if (returnedDecimals <= type(uint8).max) {
                return (true, uint8(returnedDecimals));
            }
        }
        return (false, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decimals are computed by adding the decimal offset on top of the underlying asset's decimals. This
     * "original" value is cached during construction of the vault contract. If this read operation fails (e.g., the
     * asset has not been created yet), a default of 18 is used to represent the underlying asset's decimals.
     *
     * See {IERC20Metadata-decimals}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override(IERC20Metadata, ERC20Upgradeable) returns (uint8) {
        ERC4626Storage storage $ = _getERC4626Storage();
        return $._underlyingDecimals + _decimalsOffset();
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function asset() public view virtual returns (address) {
        ERC4626Storage storage $ = _getERC4626Storage();
        return address($._asset);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function totalAssets() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return IERC20(asset()).balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(assets, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(shares, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function maxDeposit(address) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return type(uint256).max;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function maxMint(address) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return type(uint256).max;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(balanceOf(owner), Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function maxRedeem(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return balanceOf(owner);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(assets, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(shares, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(assets, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(shares, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) public virtual returns (uint256) {
        uint256 maxAssets = maxDeposit(receiver);
        if (assets > maxAssets) {
            revert ERC4626ExceededMaxDeposit(receiver, assets, maxAssets);
        }

        uint256 shares = previewDeposit(assets);
        _deposit(_msgSender(), receiver, assets, shares);

        return shares;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function mint(uint256 shares, address receiver) public virtual returns (uint256) {
        uint256 maxShares = maxMint(receiver);
        if (shares > maxShares) {
            revert ERC4626ExceededMaxMint(receiver, shares, maxShares);
        }

        uint256 assets = previewMint(shares);
        _deposit(_msgSender(), receiver, assets, shares);

        return assets;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function withdraw(uint256 assets, address receiver, address owner) public virtual returns (uint256) {
        uint256 maxAssets = maxWithdraw(owner);
        if (assets > maxAssets) {
            revert ERC4626ExceededMaxWithdraw(owner, assets, maxAssets);
        }

        uint256 shares = previewWithdraw(assets);
        _withdraw(_msgSender(), receiver, owner, assets, shares);

        return shares;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC4626
    function redeem(uint256 shares, address receiver, address owner) public virtual returns (uint256) {
        uint256 maxShares = maxRedeem(owner);
        if (shares > maxShares) {
            revert ERC4626ExceededMaxRedeem(owner, shares, maxShares);
        }

        uint256 assets = previewRedeem(shares);
        _withdraw(_msgSender(), receiver, owner, assets, shares);

        return assets;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal conversion function (from assets to shares) with support for rounding direction.
     */
    function _convertToShares(uint256 assets, Math.Rounding rounding) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return assets.mulDiv(totalSupply() + 10 ** _decimalsOffset(), totalAssets() + 1, rounding);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal conversion function (from shares to assets) with support for rounding direction.
     */
    function _convertToAssets(uint256 shares, Math.Rounding rounding) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return shares.mulDiv(totalAssets() + 1, totalSupply() + 10 ** _decimalsOffset(), rounding);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deposit/mint common workflow.
     */
    function _deposit(address caller, address receiver, uint256 assets, uint256 shares) internal virtual {
        // If asset() is ERC-777, `transferFrom` can trigger a reentrancy BEFORE the transfer happens through the
        // `tokensToSend` hook. On the other hand, the `tokenReceived` hook, that is triggered after the transfer,
        // calls the vault, which is assumed not malicious.
        //
        // Conclusion: we need to do the transfer before we mint so that any reentrancy would happen before the
        // assets are transferred and before the shares are minted, which is a valid state.
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-no-eth
        SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(IERC20(asset()), caller, address(this), assets);
        _mint(receiver, shares);

        emit Deposit(caller, receiver, assets, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Withdraw/redeem common workflow.
     */
    function _withdraw(
        address caller,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    ) internal virtual {
        if (caller != owner) {
            _spendAllowance(owner, caller, shares);
        }

        // If asset() is ERC-777, `transfer` can trigger a reentrancy AFTER the transfer happens through the
        // `tokensReceived` hook. On the other hand, the `tokensToSend` hook, that is triggered before the transfer,
        // calls the vault, which is assumed not malicious.
        //
        // Conclusion: we need to do the transfer after the burn so that any reentrancy would happen after the
        // shares are burned and after the assets are transferred, which is a valid state.
        _burn(owner, shares);
        SafeERC20.safeTransfer(IERC20(asset()), receiver, assets);

        emit Withdraw(caller, receiver, owner, assets, shares);
    }

    function _decimalsOffset() internal view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (utils/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Pausable
    struct PausableStorage {
        bool _paused;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Pausable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant PausableStorageLocation = 0xcd5ed15c6e187e77e9aee88184c21f4f2182ab5827cb3b7e07fbedcd63f03300;

    function _getPausableStorage() private pure returns (PausableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := PausableStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is paused.
     */
    error EnforcedPause();

    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is not paused.
     */
    error ExpectedPause();

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        return $._paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        if (paused()) {
            revert EnforcedPause();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        if (!paused()) {
            revert ExpectedPause();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If EIP-1153 (transient storage) is available on the chain you're deploying at,
 * consider using {ReentrancyGuardTransient} instead.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant ENTERED = 2;

    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard
    struct ReentrancyGuardStorage {
        uint256 _status;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation = 0x9b779b17422d0df92223018b32b4d1fa46e071723d6817e2486d003becc55f00;

    function _getReentrancyGuardStorage() private pure returns (ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
     */
    error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be NOT_ENTERED
        if ($._status == ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
        }

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        $._status = ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        return $._status == ENTERED;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {IERC1822Proxiable} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import {ERC1967Utils} from "../ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol";

/**
 * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
 * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
 *
 * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
 * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
 * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
 *
 * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
 */
abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is IERC1822Proxiable {
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
    address private immutable __self = address(this);

    /**
     * @dev The version of the upgrade interface of the contract. If this getter is missing, both `upgradeTo(address)`
     * and `upgradeToAndCall(address,bytes)` are present, and `upgradeTo` must be used if no function should be called,
     * while `upgradeToAndCall` will invoke the `receive` function if the second argument is the empty byte string.
     * If the getter returns `"5.0.0"`, only `upgradeToAndCall(address,bytes)` is present, and the second argument must
     * be the empty byte string if no function should be called, making it impossible to invoke the `receive` function
     * during an upgrade.
     */
    string public constant UPGRADE_INTERFACE_VERSION = "5.0.0";

    /**
     * @dev The call is from an unauthorized context.
     */
    error UUPSUnauthorizedCallContext();

    /**
     * @dev The storage `slot` is unsupported as a UUID.
     */
    error UUPSUnsupportedProxiableUUID(bytes32 slot);

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
     * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC-1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
     * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
     * function through ERC-1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
     * fail.
     */
    modifier onlyProxy() {
        _checkProxy();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
     * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
     */
    modifier notDelegated() {
        _checkNotDelegated();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the ERC-1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
     * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view virtual notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
        return ERC1967Utils.IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
     * encoded in `data`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     *
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) public payable virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the execution is not performed via delegatecall or the execution
     * context is not of a proxy with an ERC-1967 compliant implementation pointing to self.
     */
    function _checkProxy() internal view virtual {
        if (
            address(this) == __self || // Must be called through delegatecall
            ERC1967Utils.getImplementation() != __self // Must be called through an active proxy
        ) {
            revert UUPSUnauthorizedCallContext();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the execution is performed via delegatecall.
     * See {notDelegated}.
     */
    function _checkNotDelegated() internal view virtual {
        if (address(this) != __self) {
            // Must not be called through delegatecall
            revert UUPSUnauthorizedCallContext();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
     * {upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal onlyOwner {}
     * ```
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @dev Performs an implementation upgrade with a security check for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * As a security check, {proxiableUUID} is invoked in the new implementation, and the return value
     * is expected to be the implementation slot in ERC-1967.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) private {
        try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
            if (slot != ERC1967Utils.IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT) {
                revert UUPSUnsupportedProxiableUUID(slot);
            }
            ERC1967Utils.upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data);
        } catch {
            // The implementation is not UUPS
            revert ERC1967Utils.ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Panic.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Helper library for emitting standardized panic codes.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *      using Panic for uint256;
 *
 *      // Use any of the declared internal constants
 *      function foo() { Panic.GENERIC.panic(); }
 *
 *      // Alternatively
 *      function foo() { Panic.panic(Panic.GENERIC); }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Follows the list from https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/blob/v0.8.24/libsolutil/ErrorCodes.h[libsolutil].
 *
 * _Available since v5.1._
 */
// slither-disable-next-line unused-state
library Panic {
    /// @dev generic / unspecified error
    uint256 internal constant GENERIC = 0x00;
    /// @dev used by the assert() builtin
    uint256 internal constant ASSERT = 0x01;
    /// @dev arithmetic underflow or overflow
    uint256 internal constant UNDER_OVERFLOW = 0x11;
    /// @dev division or modulo by zero
    uint256 internal constant DIVISION_BY_ZERO = 0x12;
    /// @dev enum conversion error
    uint256 internal constant ENUM_CONVERSION_ERROR = 0x21;
    /// @dev invalid encoding in storage
    uint256 internal constant STORAGE_ENCODING_ERROR = 0x22;
    /// @dev empty array pop
    uint256 internal constant EMPTY_ARRAY_POP = 0x31;
    /// @dev array out of bounds access
    uint256 internal constant ARRAY_OUT_OF_BOUNDS = 0x32;
    /// @dev resource error (too large allocation or too large array)
    uint256 internal constant RESOURCE_ERROR = 0x41;
    /// @dev calling invalid internal function
    uint256 internal constant INVALID_INTERNAL_FUNCTION = 0x51;

    /// @dev Reverts with a panic code. Recommended to use with
    /// the internal constants with predefined codes.
    function panic(uint256 code) internal pure {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            mstore(0x00, 0x4e487b71)
            mstore(0x20, code)
            revert(0x1c, 0x24)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX/bool casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(uint8 bits, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev An int value doesn't fit in an uint of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(int256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(uint8 bits, int256 value);

    /**
     * @dev An uint value doesn't fit in an int of `bits` size.
     */
    error SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        if (value > type(uint248).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(248, value);
        }
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        if (value > type(uint240).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(240, value);
        }
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        if (value > type(uint232).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(232, value);
        }
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        if (value > type(uint224).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(224, value);
        }
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        if (value > type(uint216).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(216, value);
        }
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        if (value > type(uint208).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(208, value);
        }
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        if (value > type(uint200).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(200, value);
        }
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        if (value > type(uint192).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(192, value);
        }
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        if (value > type(uint184).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(184, value);
        }
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        if (value > type(uint176).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(176, value);
        }
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        if (value > type(uint168).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(168, value);
        }
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        if (value > type(uint160).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(160, value);
        }
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        if (value > type(uint152).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(152, value);
        }
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        if (value > type(uint144).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(144, value);
        }
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        if (value > type(uint136).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(136, value);
        }
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        if (value > type(uint128).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(128, value);
        }
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        if (value > type(uint120).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(120, value);
        }
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        if (value > type(uint112).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(112, value);
        }
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        if (value > type(uint104).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(104, value);
        }
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        if (value > type(uint96).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(96, value);
        }
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        if (value > type(uint88).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(88, value);
        }
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        if (value > type(uint80).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(80, value);
        }
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        if (value > type(uint72).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(72, value);
        }
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        if (value > type(uint64).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(64, value);
        }
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        if (value > type(uint56).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(56, value);
        }
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        if (value > type(uint48).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(48, value);
        }
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        if (value > type(uint40).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(40, value);
        }
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        if (value > type(uint32).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(32, value);
        }
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        if (value > type(uint24).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(24, value);
        }
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        if (value > type(uint16).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(16, value);
        }
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        if (value > type(uint8).max) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintDowncast(8, value);
        }
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (value < 0) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntToUint(value);
        }
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(248, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(240, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(232, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(224, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(216, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(208, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(200, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(192, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(184, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(176, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(168, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(160, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(152, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(144, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(136, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(128, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(120, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(112, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(104, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(96, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(88, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(80, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(72, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(64, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(56, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(48, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(40, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(32, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(24, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(16, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        if (downcasted != value) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedIntDowncast(8, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        if (value > uint256(type(int256).max)) {
            revert SafeCastOverflowedUintToInt(value);
        }
        return int256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Cast a boolean (false or true) to a uint256 (0 or 1) with no jump.
     */
    function toUint(bool b) internal pure returns (uint256 u) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            u := iszero(iszero(b))
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (interfaces/IERC1363.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title IERC1363
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-1363 standard as defined in the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1363[ERC-1363].
 *
 * Defines an extension interface for ERC-20 tokens that supports executing code on a recipient contract
 * after `transfer` or `transferFrom`, or code on a spender contract after `approve`, in a single transaction.
 */
interface IERC1363 is IERC20, IERC165 {
    /*
     * Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0xb0202a11.
     * 0xb0202a11 ===
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferAndCall(address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferAndCall(address,uint256,bytes)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferFromAndCall(address,address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferFromAndCall(address,address,uint256,bytes)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('approveAndCall(address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('approveAndCall(address,uint256,bytes)'))
     */

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferAndCall(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `to`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferAndCall(address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param from The address which you want to send tokens from.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferFromAndCall(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param from The address which you want to send tokens from.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `to`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferFromAndCall(address from, address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens and then calls {IERC1363Spender-onApprovalReceived} on `spender`.
     * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function approveAndCall(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens and then calls {IERC1363Spender-onApprovalReceived} on `spender`.
     * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `spender`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function approveAndCall(address spender, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Provides a flexible and updatable auth pattern which is completely separate from application logic.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/auth/Auth.sol)
/// @author Modified from Dappsys (https://github.com/dapphub/ds-auth/blob/master/src/auth.sol)
abstract contract Auth {
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed user, address indexed newOwner);

    event AuthorityUpdated(address indexed user, Authority indexed newAuthority);

    address public owner;

    Authority public authority;

    constructor(address _owner, Authority _authority) {
        owner = _owner;
        authority = _authority;

        emit OwnershipTransferred(msg.sender, _owner);
        emit AuthorityUpdated(msg.sender, _authority);
    }

    modifier requiresAuth() virtual {
        require(isAuthorized(msg.sender, msg.sig), "UNAUTHORIZED");

        _;
    }

    function isAuthorized(address user, bytes4 functionSig) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        Authority auth = authority; // Memoizing authority saves us a warm SLOAD, around 100 gas.

        // Checking if the caller is the owner only after calling the authority saves gas in most cases, but be
        // aware that this makes protected functions uncallable even to the owner if the authority is out of order.
        return (address(auth) != address(0) && auth.canCall(user, address(this), functionSig)) || user == owner;
    }

    function setAuthority(Authority newAuthority) public virtual {
        // We check if the caller is the owner first because we want to ensure they can
        // always swap out the authority even if it's reverting or using up a lot of gas.
        require(msg.sender == owner || authority.canCall(msg.sender, address(this), msg.sig));

        authority = newAuthority;

        emit AuthorityUpdated(msg.sender, newAuthority);
    }

    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual requiresAuth {
        owner = newOwner;

        emit OwnershipTransferred(msg.sender, newOwner);
    }
}

/// @notice A generic interface for a contract which provides authorization data to an Auth instance.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/auth/Auth.sol)
/// @author Modified from Dappsys (https://github.com/dapphub/ds-auth/blob/master/src/auth.sol)
interface Authority {
    function canCall(
        address user,
        address target,
        bytes4 functionSig
    ) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
     *
     * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
     * when using with upgradeable contracts.
     *
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
     */
    struct InitializableStorage {
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
         */
        uint64 _initialized;
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
         */
        bool _initializing;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;

    /**
     * @dev The contract is already initialized.
     */
    error InvalidInitialization();

    /**
     * @dev The contract is not initializing.
     */
    error NotInitializing();

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint64 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
     * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
     * production.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
        bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
        uint64 initialized = $._initialized;

        // Allowed calls:
        // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
        //                 initialized
        // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reinitialization) and the
        //                 current contract is just being deployed
        bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
        bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;

        if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = version;
        $._initializing = true;
        _;
        $._initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        _checkInitializing();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
        if (!_isInitializing()) {
            revert NotInitializing();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        if ($._initializing) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
            $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pointer to storage slot. Allows integrators to override it with a custom storage location.
     *
     * NOTE: Consider following the ERC-7201 formula to derive storage locations.
     */
    function _initializableStorageSlot() internal pure virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
        bytes32 slot = _initializableStorageSlot();
        assembly {
            $.slot := slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Errors.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Collection of common custom errors used in multiple contracts
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Backwards compatibility is not guaranteed in future versions of the library.
 * It is recommended to avoid relying on the error API for critical functionality.
 *
 * _Available since v5.1._
 */
library Errors {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error InsufficientBalance(uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedCall();

    /**
     * @dev The deployment failed.
     */
    error FailedDeployment();

    /**
     * @dev A necessary precompile is missing.
     */
    error MissingPrecompile(address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC-20 standard.
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-721 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-721 tokens.
 */
interface IERC721Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in ERC-20.
     * Used in balance queries.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC-1155 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC-1155 tokens.
 */
interface IERC1155Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
     * Used in batch transfers.
     * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
     * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC20Errors} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC-20
 * applications.
 */
abstract contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ERC20
    struct ERC20Storage {
        mapping(address account => uint256) _balances;

        mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) _allowances;

        uint256 _totalSupply;

        string _name;
        string _symbol;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ERC20")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ERC20StorageLocation = 0x52c63247e1f47db19d5ce0460030c497f067ca4cebf71ba98eeadabe20bace00;

    function _getERC20Storage() private pure returns (ERC20Storage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ERC20StorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * Both values are immutable: they can only be set once during construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        $._name = name_;
        $._symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC20
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._totalSupply;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC20
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IERC20
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Skips emitting an {Approval} event indicating an allowance update. This is not
     * required by the ERC. See {xref-ERC20-_approve-address-address-uint256-bool-}[_approve].
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            $._totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = $._balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                $._balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }

        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                $._totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                $._balances[to] += value;
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner`'s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        $._allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner`'s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance < type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (interfaces/IERC4626.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "../token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-4626 "Tokenized Vault Standard", as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4626[ERC-4626].
 */
interface IERC4626 is IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    event Deposit(address indexed sender, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares);

    event Withdraw(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    );

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the underlying token used for the Vault for accounting, depositing, and withdrawing.
     *
     * - MUST be an ERC-20 token contract.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function asset() external view returns (address assetTokenAddress);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of the underlying asset that is “managed” by Vault.
     *
     * - SHOULD include any compounding that occurs from yield.
     * - MUST be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function totalAssets() external view returns (uint256 totalManagedAssets);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of shares that the Vault would exchange for the amount of assets provided, in an ideal
     * scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * - MUST NOT be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT show any variations depending on the caller.
     * - MUST NOT reflect slippage or other on-chain conditions, when performing the actual exchange.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: This calculation MAY NOT reflect the “per-user” price-per-share, and instead should reflect the
     * “average-user’s” price-per-share, meaning what the average user should expect to see when exchanging to and
     * from.
     */
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of assets that the Vault would exchange for the amount of shares provided, in an ideal
     * scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * - MUST NOT be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT show any variations depending on the caller.
     * - MUST NOT reflect slippage or other on-chain conditions, when performing the actual exchange.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: This calculation MAY NOT reflect the “per-user” price-per-share, and instead should reflect the
     * “average-user’s” price-per-share, meaning what the average user should expect to see when exchanging to and
     * from.
     */
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be deposited into the Vault for the receiver,
     * through a deposit call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if receiver is subject to some deposit limit.
     * - MUST return 2 ** 256 - 1 if there is no limit on the maximum amount of assets that may be deposited.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxDeposit(address receiver) external view returns (uint256 maxAssets);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their deposit at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no more than the exact amount of Vault shares that would be minted in a deposit
     *   call in the same transaction. I.e. deposit should return the same or more shares as previewDeposit if called
     *   in the same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for deposit limits like those returned from maxDeposit and should always act as though the
     *   deposit would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough tokens approved, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of deposit fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of deposit fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToShares and previewDeposit SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by depositing.
     */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Mints shares Vault shares to receiver by depositing exactly amount of underlying tokens.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Deposit event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   deposit execution, and are accounted for during deposit.
     * - MUST revert if all of assets cannot be deposited (due to deposit limit being reached, slippage, the user not
     *   approving enough underlying tokens to the Vault contract, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: most implementations will require pre-approval of the Vault with the Vault’s underlying asset token.
     */
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) external returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the Vault shares that can be minted for the receiver, through a mint call.
     * - MUST return a limited value if receiver is subject to some mint limit.
     * - MUST return 2 ** 256 - 1 if there is no limit on the maximum amount of shares that may be minted.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxMint(address receiver) external view returns (uint256 maxShares);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their mint at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no fewer than the exact amount of assets that would be deposited in a mint call
     *   in the same transaction. I.e. mint should return the same or fewer assets as previewMint if called in the
     *   same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for mint limits like those returned from maxMint and should always act as though the mint
     *   would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough tokens approved, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of deposit fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of deposit fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToAssets and previewMint SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by minting.
     */
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Mints exactly shares Vault shares to receiver by depositing amount of underlying tokens.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Deposit event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the mint
     *   execution, and are accounted for during mint.
     * - MUST revert if all of shares cannot be minted (due to deposit limit being reached, slippage, the user not
     *   approving enough underlying tokens to the Vault contract, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: most implementations will require pre-approval of the Vault with the Vault’s underlying asset token.
     */
    function mint(uint256 shares, address receiver) external returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be withdrawn from the owner balance in the
     * Vault, through a withdraw call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if owner is subject to some withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) external view returns (uint256 maxAssets);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their withdrawal at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no fewer than the exact amount of Vault shares that would be burned in a withdraw
     *   call in the same transaction. I.e. withdraw should return the same or fewer shares as previewWithdraw if
     *   called
     *   in the same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for withdrawal limits like those returned from maxWithdraw and should always act as though
     *   the withdrawal would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough shares, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of withdrawal fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of withdrawal fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToShares and previewWithdraw SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by depositing.
     */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Burns shares from owner and sends exactly assets of underlying tokens to receiver.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Withdraw event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   withdraw execution, and are accounted for during withdraw.
     * - MUST revert if all of assets cannot be withdrawn (due to withdrawal limit being reached, slippage, the owner
     *   not having enough shares, etc).
     *
     * Note that some implementations will require pre-requesting to the Vault before a withdrawal may be performed.
     * Those methods should be performed separately.
     */
    function withdraw(uint256 assets, address receiver, address owner) external returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of Vault shares that can be redeemed from the owner balance in the Vault,
     * through a redeem call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if owner is subject to some withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST return balanceOf(owner) if owner is not subject to any withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) external view returns (uint256 maxShares);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their redemption at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no more than the exact amount of assets that would be withdrawn in a redeem call
     *   in the same transaction. I.e. redeem should return the same or more assets as previewRedeem if called in the
     *   same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for redemption limits like those returned from maxRedeem and should always act as though the
     *   redemption would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough shares, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of withdrawal fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of withdrawal fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToAssets and previewRedeem SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by redeeming.
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Burns exactly shares from owner and sends assets of underlying tokens to receiver.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Withdraw event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   redeem execution, and are accounted for during redeem.
     * - MUST revert if all of shares cannot be redeemed (due to withdrawal limit being reached, slippage, the owner
     *   not having enough shares, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: some implementations will require pre-requesting to the Vault before a withdrawal may be performed.
     * Those methods should be performed separately.
     */
    function redeem(uint256 shares, address receiver, address owner) external returns (uint256 assets);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.2.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Utils.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {IBeacon} from "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import {IERC1967} from "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import {Address} from "../../utils/Address.sol";
import {StorageSlot} from "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This library provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[ERC-1967] slots.
 */
library ERC1967Utils {
    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev The `implementation` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidImplementation(address implementation);

    /**
     * @dev The `admin` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address admin);

    /**
     * @dev The `beacon` of the proxy is invalid.
     */
    error ERC1967InvalidBeacon(address beacon);

    /**
     * @dev An upgrade function sees `msg.value > 0` that may be lost.
     */
    error ERC1967NonPayable();

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the ERC-1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        if (newImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(newImplementation);
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs implementation upgrade with additional setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit IERC1967.Upgraded(newImplementation);

        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by ERC-1967) using
     * the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the ERC-1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        if (newAdmin == address(0)) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidAdmin(address(0));
        }
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit IERC1967.AdminChanged(getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.beacon" subtracted by 1.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line private-vars-leading-underscore
    bytes32 internal constant BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the ERC-1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        if (newBeacon.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidBeacon(newBeacon);
        }

        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;

        address beaconImplementation = IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation();
        if (beaconImplementation.code.length == 0) {
            revert ERC1967InvalidImplementation(beaconImplementation);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Change the beacon and trigger a setup call if data is nonempty.
     * This function is payable only if the setup call is performed, otherwise `msg.value` is rejected
     * to avoid stuck value in the contract.
     *
     * Emits an {IERC1967-BeaconUpgraded} event.
     *
     * CAUTION: Invoking this function has no effect on an instance of {BeaconProxy} since v5, since
     * it uses an immutable beacon without looking at the value of the ERC-1967 beacon slot for
     * efficiency.
     */
    function upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit IERC1967.BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);

        if (data.length > 0) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        } else {
            _checkNonPayable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if `msg.value` is not zero. It can be used to avoid `msg.value` stuck in the contract
     * if an upgrade doesn't perform an initialization call.
     */
    function _checkNonPayable() private {
        if (msg.value > 0) {
            revert ERC1967NonPayable();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC165} from "../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {UpgradeableBeacon} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC-1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     // Define the slot. Alternatively, use the SlotDerivation library to derive the slot.
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: Consider using this library along with {SlotDerivation}.
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct Int256Slot {
        int256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `Int256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getInt256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Int256Slot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[ERC].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[ERC section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

{
  "remappings": [
    "@openzeppelin/contracts/=lib/multipli-vault/lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/=lib/multipli-vault/lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/",
    "@solmate/=lib/multipli-vault/lib/solmate/src/",
    "@multipli-vault/=lib/Multipli-Vault/",
    "forge-std/=lib/multipli-vault/lib/forge-std/src/",
    "Multipli-Vault/=lib/Multipli-Vault/",
    "ds-test/=lib/Multipli-Vault/lib/solmate/lib/ds-test/src/",
    "erc4626-tests/=lib/Multipli-Vault/lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/lib/erc4626-tests/",
    "halmos-cheatcodes/=lib/Multipli-Vault/lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/lib/halmos-cheatcodes/src/",
    "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/=lib/Multipli-Vault/lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/",
    "openzeppelin-contracts/=lib/Multipli-Vault/lib/openzeppelin-contracts/",
    "openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/=lib/openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/src/",
    "script/=lib/Multipli-Vault/script/",
    "solmate/=lib/Multipli-Vault/lib/solmate/src/",
    "test/=lib/Multipli-Vault/test/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 8000
  },
  "metadata": {
    "useLiteralContent": false,
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs",
    "appendCBOR": true
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "evmVersion": "cancun",
  "viaIR": false
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

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payable","name":"_vaultAddr","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InsufficientAggregateUnderlyingBalance","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"InsufficientBalance","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"token","type":"address"}],"name":"SafeERC20FailedOperation","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TotalAssetsMismatch","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"TotalSupplyMismatch","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"UnauthorizedCaller","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ZeroAddress","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ZeroAmount","type":"error"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"initiator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"shares","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"assetsWithFee","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"newAggregatedBalance","type":"uint256"}],"name":"FundsAddedAndFlashRedemptionFulfilled","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"receiver","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"shares","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"assetsWithFee","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"newAggregatedBalance","type":"uint256"}],"name":"FundsAddedAndRedemptionFulfilled","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"newAggregatedBalance","type":"uint256"}],"name":"FundsRemovedFromVault","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"RemoveFunds","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"RemoveFundsNative","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"oldBalance","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"newBalance","type":"uint256"}],"name":"UnderlyingBalanceUpdated","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"enabled","type":"bool"}],"name":"UpdateOperatorWhitelist","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"receiver","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"shares","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"assetsWithFee","type":"uint256"}],"name":"addFundsAndFulfillRedeem","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"asset","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"shares","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"}],"name":"flashRedeem","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"getAggregatedUnderlyingBalances","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"aggregatedBalance","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"getContractAssetBalance","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"getTotalAssets","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"totalAssets","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"removeFunds","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"removeFundsFromVault","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"removeFundsNative","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"newAggregatedBalance","type":"uint256"}],"name":"updateUnderlyingBalance","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"enable","type":"bool"}],"name":"updateUserOperatorWhitelist","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"vault","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract MultipliVault","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"}],"name":"whitelistedUserOperator","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"enabled","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]

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000000000000000000000000d74fb32112b1ef5b4c428fead8da8d85a0019009

-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : _vaultAddr (address): 0xd74FB32112b1eF5b4C428Fead8dA8d85A0019009

-----Encoded View---------------
1 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 000000000000000000000000d74fb32112b1ef5b4c428fead8da8d85a0019009

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